Journal of Pediatric Perspectives

What are Stem Cells?

Ahmadshah Farhat; Ashraf Mohammadzadeh; M Rezaie

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 1-1

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2650

Abstract

Stem cells are undifferentiated self regenerating multi potential cells. There are three types of stem cells categories by the ability to form after cells and correlated with ... Read More Stem cells are undifferentiated self regenerating multi potential cells. There are three types of stem cells categories by the ability to form after cells and correlated with the body’s development process. Totipotent: these stem cells can form an entire organism such as fertilized egg. Ploripotent: ploripotent cells are those that can form any cell in the body but cannot form an entire organism such as developing embryo’s totipotent cells become ploripotent Multipotent: Multi potent stem cells are those that can only form specific cells in the body such as blood cells based. Based on the sources of stem cells we have three types of these cells: Autologous: Sources of the patient own cells are (Autologous) either the cells from patient own body or his or her cord blood. For this type of transplant the physician now usually collects the periphery rather than morrow because the procedure is easier on like a bane morrow harvest it take place outside of an operating room, and the patient does not to be under general unsetting . Allogenic: Sources of stem cells from another donore are primarily relatives (familial allogenic) or completely unrelated donors. Xenogenic: In these stem cells from different species are transplanted e .g striatal porcine fetal mesan cephalic (FVM) xenotransplants for Parkinson’s disease. On sites of isolation such as embryo, umbilical cord and other body tissues stem cells are named embnyonic, cord blood, and adult stem cells. The scope of results and clinical application of stem cells are such as: Neurodegenerative conditions (MS,ALS, Parkinson’s, Stroke), Ocular disorders- Glaucoma, retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), Auto Immune Conditions (Lupus, MS,R. arthritis, Diabetes, etc), Viral Conditions (Hepatitis C and AIDS), Heart Disease, Adrenal Disorders, Injury(Nerve, Brain, etc), Anti aging (hair, skin, weight control, overall well being/preventive), Emotional disorders, Organ / Tissue Cancers, Blood cancers, Blood diseases (Wiscott Aldrich’s, Syndrome, etc), We know that one cell produce all cells. We have one dream that one cell can treat all disease? Key words: Multi potential cells, Stem cells.

Cord Blood

Saeed Abroun

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 2-2

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2651

Abstract

Stem cells are naïve or master cells. This means they can transform into special 200 cell types as needed by body, and each of these cells has just one function. Stem cells ... Read More Stem cells are naïve or master cells. This means they can transform into special 200 cell types as needed by body, and each of these cells has just one function. Stem cells are found in many parts of the human body, although some sources have richer concentrations than others. Some excellent sources of stem cells, such as bone marrow, peripheral blood, cord blood, other tissue stem cells and human embryos, which last one are controversial and their use can be illegal in some countries. Cord blood is a sample of blood taken from a newborn baby's umbilical cord. It is a rich source of stem cells, umbilical cord blood and tissue are collected from material that normally has no use following a child’s birth. Umbilical cord blood and tissue cells are rich sources of stem cells, which have been used in the treatment of over 80 diseases including leukemia, lymphoma and anemia as bone marrow stem cell potency. The most common disease category has been leukemia. The next largest group is inherited diseases. Patients with lymphoma, myelodysplasia and severe aplastic anemia have also been successfully transplanted with cord blood. Cord blood is obtained by syringing out the placenta through the umbilical cord at the time of childbirth, after the cord has been detached from the newborn. Collecting stem cells from umbilical blood and tissue is ethical, pain-free, safe and simple. When they are needed to treat your child later in life, there will be no rejection or incompatibility issues, as the procedure will be using their own cells. In contrast, stem cells from donors do have these potential problems. By consider about cord blood potency, cord blood banks (familial or public) were established. In IRAN, four cord blood banks has activity, Shariati BMT center cord blood bank, Royan familial cord blood banks, Royan public cord blood banks and Iranian Blood Transfusion Organ cord blood banks. Despite 50,000 sample which storage in these banks, but the user centers are few, we hope in all providence the transplantation center will establish by good activity to improve social welfare. Key words: Bone marrow, Cord blood, Peripheral blood.

Cell Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease

Hoda Madani

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 3-3

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2652

Abstract

Recently, cell therapy has sparked a revolution in ischemic heart disease that will in the future help clinicians to cure patients. Earlier investigations in animal models and ... Read More

Nuclear Architecture and Epigenetics of Lineage Choice

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 4-4

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2653

Abstract

Differentiation is an epigenetic process which is installed by changes of transcriptional programs over successive cellular divisions. A number of studies have reported the effects ... Read More

Stem Cells So far! Stem Cell Therapy Facts and Principles

Elahe Mahdipour

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 5-5

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2654

Abstract

Stem cells are cells with the ability to divide for indefinite periods and to give rise to specialized cells. Stem cell therapy has now been emerged as an extraordinary promise ... Read More

Stem ‍Cells in Glaucoma Management

Ramin Daneshvar

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 6-6

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2655

Abstract

Glaucoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Despite tremendous advances in medical and surgical management of glaucoma in the recent years, the prevalence of glaucoma ... Read More

Keratin 13 is a more specific marker of conjunctival epithelium than keratin 19

Siamak Zarei-Ghanavati1; Arturo Ramirez-Miranda; Martin N. Nakatsu2; Christine V. Nguyen; Sophie X. Deng

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 7-7

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2656

Abstract

Introduction To evaluate the expression patterns of cytokeratin (K) 12, 13, and 19 in normal epithelium of the human ocular surface to determine whether K13 could be used as a marker ... Read More Introduction To evaluate the expression patterns of cytokeratin (K) 12, 13, and 19 in normal epithelium of the human ocular surface to determine whether K13 could be used as a marker for conjunctival epithelium. Methods: Total RNA was isolated from the human conjunctiva and central cornea. Those transcripts that had threefolds or higher expression levels in the conjunctiva than the cornea were identified using microarray technique. Expression levels of three known signature genes and of two conjunctival genes, K13 and K19 were confirmed by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT–PCR). Protein expression of K12, K13, and K19 was confirmed by immunostaining with specific antibodies on histologic sections of human sclerocornea that contained the conjunctiva, limbus, and cornea and on impression cytology (IC) specimens of the cornea and conjunctiva from normal donors. Double staining of K13/K12 and K19/K12 on histologic sections and IC specimens was performed. Results: There were 337 transcripts that were preferentially expressed in the conjunctiva. K13 and K19 were among the top twenty transcripts in the conjunctiva and this preferential expression pattern of K13 and K19 was confirmed by qRT– PCR. Immunohistochemical studies showed that K13 was expressed at the posterior limbal epithelium and conjunctival epithelium but was totally absent in the cornea. K12 was expressed in the corneal and anterior limbal epithelia except for the basal layer and was absent from the conjunctiva. In contrast, K19 was detected in the corneal, limbal and conjunctival epithelia. Immunostaining of the IC specimens showed K12+ epithelial cells in the corneal region, K13+ cells in the conjunctival area, and K19+ cells in the corneal and conjunctival specimens. Expression of K13 and K12 on the ocular surface was mutually exclusive on both the histologic and IC samples using double immunostaining. Conclusions: K13 is more specific to the conjunctival epithelial cells than K19 and potentially could be used as a marker to identify conjunctival epithelial cells in limbal stem cell deficiency. Key Words: Keratin 13, Keratin 19, Stem cell.

Cell based therapies in retinal diseases

Touka Banaee

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 8-8

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2657

Abstract

Background Degenerative retinal diseases, including age related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and hereditary retinal dystrophies are major causes of blindness. The principal defect ... Read More

Stem Cell Therapy: the ethical issues

Jalil Tavakol Afshari

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 9-9

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2658

Abstract

The ability to culture human stem cells long term, and possibly indefinitely, and to control how such cells specialise to form the different tissues of the body offers the possibility ... Read More

Ethical Issues in Stem Cell Transplantation

Mohammad Ali Kiani; Mohammad Reza Rasti Sani

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 10-10

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2659

Abstract

There is great interest worldwide in discovering and developing a permanent source of tissues which would be capable of generating any cell type and which would avoid the problem of ... Read More There is great interest worldwide in discovering and developing a permanent source of tissues which would be capable of generating any cell type and which would avoid the problem of transplant rejection. Stem cells are cells that can specialize into the many different cells found in the human body. The ethical objections concerning stem cells have focused primarily on their source. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research offers great promise of cures for otherwise incurable conditions: spinal cord injuries, ALS, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, etc. While stem cells can be found in the adult human body, the seemingly most potent stem cells come from the first few cells of a human embryo. When the stem cells are removed, the embryo is destroyed. Some people find this practice morally objectionable and would like to put a stop to research and medical procedures that destroy human embryos in the process. The debate about the moral status of the human embryo has focused on the question of whether the embryo should be treated as a person, or, at least, a potential person. If the embryo is so considered, then it will be morally impermissible to use it merely as a means to an end, rather than as an end in itself. This would preclude both embryo research and any other procedure not directed to the benefit of that actual embryo. The removal of cells from an embryo would therefore not be morally permissible, regardless of whether these cells were to be used for the benefit of some other person. The use of human ES cells raises important ethical issues which are primarily concerned with the origin of the cells and the way in which they are derived. The fact that these cells currently involve the use of human embryos and cadaveric fetal tissue means that careful examination of the ethical issues is necessary prior to the progress of research in this field. If the embryo is a human, then it has a right to life. It cannot be destroyed any more than we could intentionally kill a few children to save many others. Key words:Ethical, Stem cell transplantation.

Stem Cells, Simulation and Legal- Juridical Aspects of it

Seyyed Hossein Fattahi Masoom

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 11-11

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2660

Abstract

Introduction:First, definition the stem cell refers to those cells that are still not clear and are not equipped for a particular task. These cells have proliferative properties and ... Read More

Gene Delivery to Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Keyhan Azadmanesh; Yousof Gheysari; Babak Negahdari

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 12-12

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2661

Abstract

There is increasing trend in using recombinant stem cells as novel therapeutic candidates in different diseases. These studies encompass different applications from targeted homing ... Read More There is increasing trend in using recombinant stem cells as novel therapeutic candidates in different diseases. These studies encompass different applications from targeted homing of Mesenchymal Stromal (stem) Cells (MSC), to arming them with different cytokines. Resistance to transfection or transduction methods had urged researchers to look for better gene delivery alternates and optimizing them. Though chemical transfection methods are usually considered safer than viral gene delivery methods, most of these reagents suffer from low efficiency in lower concentrations and high toxicity in the higher ones. We, as well as other researchers, have reported the best efficiencies with Lipofectamin 2000TM reagent, with up to 50% efficiency in some reports while we have not been able to reach this level. Theoretically low transfection efficiency could be compensated by stably transfecting a cell line followed by long term culture in a selective medium. Usually this approach is not practical for MSC since they should be used within the first few passages after isolation. Indeed, we have previously shown that long-term culture of these cells is associated with chromosomal abnormalities and profound morphological changes. Lentiviral transduction methods have achieved the highest efficiency in delivering foreign genes to MSC ( above 95%in several cases) but the safety concerns has hindered their application in clinical studies. While adeno-associated viral vectors have been used in several gene therapy studies, MSC seem to be resistant to this method. There are reports of high efficiency of adenoviral gene delivery to MSC, though in our hand it was much lower than lentiviruses. Howevere, we found pretreating these cells with valproic acid could increase transduction efficiency of adeno-associated vectors by 2.5 fold, mainly through increasing the expression of its cell surface receptor. In our lab, using lentiviral vectors, we could transduce MSC with the efficiency of more than 90%. In conclusion, we believe that chemical transfection methods such as Lipofectamin 2000TM is a good choice when transduction rate is not a main concern and lentiviral vectors are suitable for a high yield stable gene delivery to these stem cells. Keywords: Mesecnchyal Stromal Cells, Gene Transfere Techniques.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Challenges and Opportunities

Mina Shahriari; Zahra Hejazi; Moein Farshchian; Hojjat Naderi; Hamid Reza Bidkhori; Mahdi Mir-Ahmadi; Saeideh Nakhaei; Maliheh Hasan Zadeh; Mahmood Raees-Al-Mohaddesin; Asiyeh Heirani; Maryam M. Matin; Ahmad Reza Bahrami

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 13-13

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2662

Abstract

Regenerative capacity of mammals is limited and can rarely regenerate a specific organ or tissue fully. Due to these limitations, regenerative medicine seeks efficient and safe cell ... Read More

Genetic and Epigenetic landscape of Germline Stem Cells

Moein Farshchian; Mahtab Dastpak; Maryam M. Matin; Dirk Geerts; Ahmad Reza Bahrami

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 14-14

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2663

Abstract

Elucidating the critical epigenetics events involved in differentiation and reprogramming of cells to primordial germ cells (PGCs) is among the interesting issues in stem cell research. Here, ... Read More

Preparation of decellularized three dimentional scaffolds as the model for tissue engineering and their functional assessments in vitro application of blastema tissue

N Mahdavi Shahri; M MoghaddamMatin; M Fereidoni; M BehnamRassouli; A Moghimi; AR Bahrami; MA Namini; S Naderi; M Kheirabadi; F Naseri

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 15-15

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2664

Abstract

Tissue engineering is based on three main factors including scaffolds, cells and growth factors. Natural scaffolds derived from decellularized tissues and organs have been successfully ... Read More

Isolation and Cultivation of Adult Human Keratinocyte Stem Cells for Regeneration of Epidermal Sheets

J Movaffagh; A Tabatabaee; MH Amoozegar; SA SajadiTabassi; N Amiri

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 16-16

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2665

Abstract

Background: Keratinocyte stem cell is one of the adult stem cells that inhabits the skin and contributes to skin function and renewal. Adult stem cells are best defined by their capacity ... Read More Background: Keratinocyte stem cell is one of the adult stem cells that inhabits the skin and contributes to skin function and renewal. Adult stem cells are best defined by their capacity to self-renew, and to maintain tissue function for a long period of time. These findings indicate the importance of these cells for clinical applications including regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and gene therapy. In full-thickness damage or injury including burns, the cultured epidermal autografts (CEAs) may be placed directly onto muscle or fascia. Methods: A small split thickness skin biopsy (1 12أ—'> 2 cm) was obtained aseptically to isolate stem cells. The biopsy was cut into thin pieces and treated with trypsin at 4° C overnight (cold trypsin method) to obtain a single-cell suspension. The cells were seeded at a density of 3×104 cells/cm2 onto a preformed mitomycine-C treated 3T3 cell as feeder layer in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and other special supplements. Clonogenic keratinocytes divided and colonies quickly expanded and pushed away the 3T3 feeder layer cells, which then detached from the culture vessel and eliminated with medium changes. Primary cultures were usually subcultured when the cells were in exponential growth phase .Colonies of keratinocytes were expanded and after 7-10 days fused and formed a coherent stratified epithelium. Confluent cultured epithelia were detached enzymatically as coherent sheets from the surface of the culture flasks and transferred onto petrolatum- impregnated gauze.Histological studies of cultured epithelium were also carried out. Results: In our experience from 1 cm2 of skin sample, 2,5- 4×106 cells were obtained. It resulted in keratinocytes suspensions which consisted at least 90% single cells. Cultured keratinocytes proliferated and after 8-10 days became confluent. The area of cultured epithelium detached from T-25 and T-75 culture flasks was approximately 12-15 cm2 and 35-40 cm2 respectively. Histological studies showed that 10-day old cultured epithelium had 3-4 cell layers consisting of small basal cells and big scquamous cells with large nucleus. Also in the basal layer few melanocytes with melanin pigments in the cells cytoplasm were found.The 20-day old cultured epithelium had 8-10 layers consisting of small and round basal cells, scquamous cells and 2-3 layers of keratinized cells. Conclusion: Culture of keratinocyte stem cells could result in multilayer epithelium that creates a good cosmetic appearance upon transplantation. This could re-generate an epidermis that is resistant to trauma and infections. It can be considered as an appropriate substitution in skin loss conditions. Keywords: Epidermal Sheets, Skin Adult Stem cells, Keratinocyte.

Comparative analysis of the Gene expression profile of Chemokine Receptors between Adipose-derived and Bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Hamid Reza Bidkhori; Moien Farshchian; Asieh Heirani-Tabasi; Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin1; Mahtab Dastpak; Naghmeh Ahmadian Kia; Ahmad Reza Bahrami; Maryam M. Matin

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 17-17

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2666

Abstract

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine.Although originally isolated from bone marrow, MSCs have since been obtained from ... Read More

Strategies to Improve Homing of Stem Cells to achieve better Efficacy in Stem Cell Therapy

Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin; Ahmad Reza Bahrami; Hamid Reza Bidkhori; Mahdi Mirahmadi; Naghmeh Ahmadiankia

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 18-18

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2667

Abstract

Stem/progenitor cell based therapeutic approach in our daily routine clinical practice, has been elusive dream in medical sciences and improvement of stem cell homing as one of major ... Read More Stem/progenitor cell based therapeutic approach in our daily routine clinical practice, has been elusive dream in medical sciences and improvement of stem cell homing as one of major challenges in cell therapy programs, has been considered a promising milestone. It has been proved that stem/progenitor cells exhibit a homing response to injured tissues/organs, mediated by interactions of chemokine receptors expressed on the cells and chemokines secreted by the injured tissue. For improvement of directed homing of the cells, many techniques have been developed either to engineer stem/progenitor cells with higher amount of chemokine receptors (stem cell-based strategies) or to modulate the target tissues to release higher level of the corresponding chemokines (target tissue-based strategies). Treatment with chemical compounds, preconditioning of the cells with hypoxia, cytokine and growth factor priming of the cells, genetic modifications, coating of cell surface with antibodies, glycoengineering, coating of stem cells with homing ligands by streptavidin linkers are some of strategies to increase the ability of stem cells to respond to the migratory stimuli. On the other side to modulate target sites to be more attractive for stem cells, some strategies like direct injection of chemokines, direct transfection of the target tissue with chemokine encoding genes, injection of ectopic chemokine expressing cells, application of scaffolds, electrical fields and low level laser have been introduced. These extensive investigations have provided significant potentials to enhance targeted stem/progenitor cells homing. Meanwhile there are still some limitations to apply these findings in clinics. To overcome these limitations, further studies should be aimed, unveiling the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying endogenous cell trafficking during physiological and pathological events like embryogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, or cancer metastasis. Keywords: Cell therapy, Homing, Stem cells.

Pretreatment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Stromal-derived Factor-1α Delivery from Chitosan-based Injectable Hydrogels for Better Cell Guidance and Retention

Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin; Maryam M. Matin; Asieh Heirani-Tabasi; Maliheh Hasanzadeh; Mina Shahryari; Naghmeh Ahmadiankia; Mahmood Raisolmohaddesin; Nasser Sanjar Moussavi; Hamid Reza Bidkhori; Mahmoud Hosseini; Ahmad Reza Bahrami

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 19-19

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2668

Abstract

Clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) rely on their capacity to home and engraft in the appropriate target tissues for a long time. Homing and engraftment capacity ... Read More Clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) rely on their capacity to home and engraft in the appropriate target tissues for a long time. Homing and engraftment capacity of these stem cells depend on the expression of Chemokines and their receptors. Ex vivo expanded MSCs exhibit homing potential when grafted to injury tissue but their homing efficiency has been observed very poor because of modifications in homing receptor expression and/or functions during culture and/or preparation steps. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the expression of surface CXCR4 by flow cytometric analysis (FACS) and in vitro modified Boyden chamber assay in adipose-derive MSCs (ASCs) stimulated with a hypoxia mimicking agents such as desferrioxamine mesilate (DFX), cobalt chloride (CoCl2), lithium chloride (LiCl), valproic acid (VPA) and hypoxia. Intracellular CXCR4 were also evaluated by conventional and real-time PCR. Then we evaluated the homing ability of DFX-pretreated human DiI-labeled ASCs in vivo, 2 weeks after intravenous (IV), local infusion towards subcutaneously implanted chitosan-glycerophophate-hydroxyethyl cellulose (CH-GP-HEC) injectable hydrogels releasing SDF1 in dorsum of Wistar Rats. Presence of human ASCs in the CH-GP-HEC injectable, spleen, and lung were analyzed histologically by fluorescent microscope, and also quantified by PCR for human specific CXCR4 gene, 2 weeks after transplantation in recipients' Rats. Results showed that short-term (24 hours) pretreatment to ASCs with the hypoxia mimicking agents up-regulate the CXCR4, increase in vitro migration capacity toward 100ng/ml SDF-1 (P<0.001) and in vivo homing capacity to the implanted CH-GP-HEC injectable hydrogel releasing SDF1. Fluorescence microscopic examination disclosed enhanced local accumulation of fluorescence-labeled ASCs in CH-GP-HEC in the DFX-pretreated group at 16th post-transplantation day. These results suggest that the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis plays an important role in the regulation of motility of ASCs, and increased expression of CXCR4 might be a potential strategy to improve homing and engraftment of ASCs towards SDF1 released by injectable hydrogels in different lesions. Keywords: Chemotactic recruitment, Guided homing, Stem cells therapy.

Recent Technological Advances in Hepatogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells Relevant to Treatment of Liver Diseases

Abdolamir Allameh

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 20-20

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2669

Abstract

Liver failure, in an acute or chronic form, is a growing health problem ranking as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Inborn errors of metabolism characterized by defects ... Read More Liver failure, in an acute or chronic form, is a growing health problem ranking as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Inborn errors of metabolism characterized by defects in hepatic enzymes or other proteins with metabolic functions, such as receptors or transporters accompanied with environmental factors involve etiology and presentation of liver failure. Currently, the only established long-term successful treatment for these conditions is Orthotropic Liver Transplantation (OLT) with long-waiting lists of patients to be transplanted. In recent years, cellular therapy using human hepatocytes is being evaluated worldwide as an alternative to organ transplantation in patients with liver failure. Besides, scientists are trying to modify stem cells and their progenitor cells to improve their efficacy for treatment and repair of damaged tissue. The cell-based therapies have been a particularly active area of investigation in recent years. Experimental studies showed that transplantation of MSC-derived hepatocytes as well as MSC to a mice model of liver failure can effectively contribute to liver regeneration and rescue animals from liver failure Clinical trials with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) using autologous bone marrow cell fusion (ABMI) therapy in patient suffering with cirrhosis show improvement of liver function. Hepatocyte transplantation method has been performed for indications such as, acute liver failure (ALF), end-stage liver disease, and inborn errors of metabolism. The cell based therapy for liver diseases comprises of two stages, firstly, the cell isolation and preparation, secondly, the transplantation stage. The protocols used for cell preparation and infusion from peripheral vein have been successfully performed in animal models as well as clinical trials. In recent years using tissue engineering protocols, 3D scaffolds of different composition have been prepared which support MSC proliferation and differentiation into active hepatocytes. The biocompatible nanofibrousbiomatrix scaffolds that support and enhance stem cell proliferation and differentiation are useful for transplantation and development of bioartificial liver system. Very recently scientists focused on decellularization of the liver organ and cell seeding of whole liver which is implicated for transplantation. The advantages and disadvantages of these protocols will be discussed in this meeting. Keyword: Acute liver failure, Cell therapy, Stem cells.

The Validated Embryionic Stem Cell Test to Predict Embryotoxicityinvitro

Leila Etemad

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 21-21

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2670

Abstract

Backgrounds: A straight-forward way to identify whether a drug or environmental chemical can be harmful to unborn baby is to evaluate its effect on laboratory animals. All invivo methods ... Read More

Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Amir Ali Hamidieh

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 22-22

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2671

Abstract

The introduction and evolution of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) could be traced back to 1950s, to the studies on interactions among irradiation, covering spleen and ... Read More The introduction and evolution of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) could be traced back to 1950s, to the studies on interactions among irradiation, covering spleen and bone marrow from it and injection of bone marrow cells. Today, HSCT is considered a well-established, effective and promising means of therapy for various malignant and non-malignant medical conditions, both in children and adult patients and it is no longer restricted by limited sources of HSCs, donor pools or explicit need for matched family members. Annual number of pediatric HSCTs has been increasing over past two decades and while its growth has become steadier since 2002. Household size and consanguineous marriages in the Middle East means that many pediatric candidates of HSCT can suitable donors among their siblings; however, both of these contributing factors are gradually declining in the region. Iran has been experiencing slower population growth and smaller household sizes since twenty years ago. Hence, according to statements on EMBMT website, Iranian Stem Cell Donor Program (ISCDP) has started its activity in 2010 and has joined Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide (BMDW), in an effort to maximize chances of finding HLA-matched donors in countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) of World Health Organization (WHO) and beyond. Total body irradiation (TBI) has been used in conditioning from the beginnings of HSCT; however various experiments with non-TBI conditioning regimens have shown an alternative path. Although numerous studies on pediatric HSCT have been published, most patients have had a component of irradiation in their regimens. Long-term detrimental consequences of HSCT, particularly those attributed to TBI, have been continuously studied; endocrine and metabolic abnormalities, growth retardation and short stature and neurocognitive sequel are but a few of these sequel , especially among pediatric recipients. Compared to other studies, non-malignant indications for HSCT constitute a greater proportion of performed HSCTs in Iran; inherited abnormalities of RBCs and thalassemia in particular are responsible for this disparity in part. Keyword: Hematopoietic Stem Cell, Transplantation.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Thalassemia

Ali Ghasemi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 23-23

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2672

Abstract

Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with defective synthesis of the α- or β-chain of hemoglobin. For β-thalassemia major patients, therapeutic ... Read More Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with defective synthesis of the α- or β-chain of hemoglobin. For β-thalassemia major patients, therapeutic options are either monthly red cell transfusions and chelation therapy or allogeneic stem cell transplant. Stem cell transplant is the only curative approach and success is inversely correlated with the degree of iron overload and hepatic damage. Without transfusions, thalassemic patients have tremendous skeleton deformities, as well as hepatomegaly and splenomegaly due to expansion of the hematopoietic system with extramedullary hematopoiesis. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (HSCT) in thalassemia has been a cornerstone in the development of HSCT. The rational basis of HSCT in thalassemia consists of substituting the thalassemic HSC bearing ineffective erythropoiesis with an allogeneic one capable of effective erythropoiesis. This cellular replacement therapy is not limited to the diseased erythropoietic component, but leads to the replacement of the entire hematopoietic system. Nevertheless, it is an efficient way to obtain a long-lasting, probably permanent, clinically effective correction of hemolytic anemia, thus avoiding transfusion requirements and associated complications . The transplantation approach for a nonmalignant disease is much different from transplantation in malignancies. In the former setting, the detrimental immunologic proprieties [GVHD] of the engrafted HSC are not balanced by an antimalignancy effect. This characteristic must be always considered in determining the risk/benefit ratio and therapeutic decision such as the kind and intensity of the conditioning regimen, GVHD prophylaxis, source of HSC, and adoptive posttransplant therapies. The Pesaro group developed a prognostic scheme to predict transplant outcome in patients younger than age 17. This prognostic scheme included three variables all related to iron burden: quality of chelation received for the entire life before transplantation; hepatomegaly; and the presence of liver fibrosis at pretransplant hepatic biopsy examination. These variables stratified patients into three groups based on them having none, or one/two, or all three of the risk factors. Overall survival and thalassemia-free survival were significantly different in the three groups: 94% and 87% in the low-risk group, 84% and 81% in the intermediate-risk group, and 70% and 58% in the high-risk group, respectively. The rate of rejection/thalassemia recurrence was much higher in thalassemic patients than in patients transplanted because of malignancies. Several factors have been invoked to explain this difference: massive pretransplant exposure to blood products, not having received any chemotherapy before transplant, expanded erythropoietic marrow, and possibly splenomegaly. Key Words: Hematopoietic, Stem cell, Thalassemi.

Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) is the Main Cureavailable for Thalassamia

Hassan Mahmoodi Nesheli

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 24-24

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2673

Abstract

Introduction: The thalassamias refer to a diverse group of hemoglobin disorders characterized by a reduced synthesis of one or more of globin chains (α,β, γ, ... Read More

Applications of Cell Therapy in Vascular Surgery

Hassan Ravari

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 25-25

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2674

Abstract

Trying to use embryonic stem cells about 20 years ago, working with animals, especially rats began. During these years , many experiments in mouse embryonic stem cells to transform ... Read More Trying to use embryonic stem cells about 20 years ago, working with animals, especially rats began. During these years , many experiments in mouse embryonic stem cells to transform into a variety of cells and transplanting them were led to remarkable success . In the next issue of human stem cells were considered successful until finally in 1998 the first report was published in the proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. However, due to the occurrence of some restrictions on the production and use of embryonic stem cells (which are continuing to try to fix them) in the last few years , a new wave of research on adult stem cells began and continue. Adult stem cells in many organs and tissues of the body have been separated, but the important thing is that there are very few of these cells in each tissue in a specific area such as living tissue for years, until the advent of activated textural injury and illness. Adult stem cells found in tissues that are: Bone marrow, peripheral blood, brain, blood vessels, dental pulp, skeletal muscle, skin, liver, pancreas, cornea, retina, gastrointestinal system. Scientists in many laboratories are trying to ensure that adult stem cells into specific cell types in cell culture so that they can use for the treatment of diseases tissue damage. Stem cells can be used to reconstruct the cells or tissues that have been damaged by disease or injury. This type of treatment is known as cellular therapy. The use of cell therapy in multiple areas of vascular surgery is: 1- Chronic limb ischemia. Beginning in 2002, the first report of successful treatment with stem cells in chronic ischemia was reported from Japan. This area rapidly expanded to other countries, and currently has more than fifty percent limb ischemia cell therapy centers in America. In our country, a study was started in 1386 and still continues. Initial reports in the journal of cytotherapy of America were published in 2010. In this study, 15 patients with chronic lower limb ischemia treated with bone marrow stem cells were extracted from the improvement in 80% of patients.2- Diabetes and chronic foot ulcers. Studies in this area are very extensive in the world. Iran also has a very extensive study started. Result of the first study in this area was published in the journal of cytotherapy 2011. In this study, 8 patients with chronic diabetic wounds treated with stem cells derived from bone marrow were, that the percentage of wound healing after 4 weeks in 3 patients, and significant improvement was observed in 5 patients.3- Kidney transplant patients. Almost simultaneously worldwide in several research studies in this area has already begun. In both studies it was observed that patients treated with bone marrow stem cells transplanted kidney was better accepted and the amount of antibodies in the kidney is reduced.4- Lymph edema and venous ulcer disease within the study started in the world but their report has not been published yet. Key Words: Cell therapy, Vascular surgery.

Autologous Stem Cell in CHF(When is more effective?) Intracoronary Administration of Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cell in Chronic Heart Failure

Farveh Vakilian; Mahmood M. Shabestari; Ali Ghasemi; Ali Eshraghi; Hoda Madani; Hoorak Poorzand; Fereshte Ghaderi; Sara Amini; Mohamad Vejdanparast; Toktam Moghiman; Arash Gholobi; Javad Ramezani; Maryam Salehi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 26-26

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2675

Abstract

Introduction: We aimed at evaluating the clinical, laboratory and echocardiography effects of intracoronary administration of autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation in different ... Read More

In Cadaver kidney Recipients, Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation Significantly Improve Graft Function, Short-term Outcome

Daryoush Hamidi Alamdari; Farzaneh Sharifipour; Hassan Ravari; Fereshteh Mamdouhi; Massih Naghibi; Maryam Hami; Abbasali Zeraati; Fatemeh Nazemian; Reza Mahdavi; Mahmood Tavakoli; Ebrahim Khaleghi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 28-28

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2677

Abstract

Background: Renal transplantation is the best choose in the end stage renal disease (ESRD), and acute rejection and graft dysfunction remain major challenges in the worldwide, ... Read More Background: Renal transplantation is the best choose in the end stage renal disease (ESRD), and acute rejection and graft dysfunction remain major challenges in the worldwide, even with the advent of new immunosuppressive drugs. The novel cell-based anti-rejection treatments have been studied by using different stem cell sources. In this study, transplantation of autologous-bone-marrow-derived-total-nucleated-cells is used to improve the cadaver kidney graft function. Methods: 18 ESRD patients, which candidate for cadaver kidney transplantation, were divided in two groups (group A and B) and there was no significant difference (male, female, age, weight, type of dialysis) between two groups. The two kidney of one cadaver were transplanted to two recipients. Before transplantation, randomly, autologous-bone-marrow aspiration was done for one recipient, and then the transplantation was done for both of recipients. The total-nucleated-cells were separated and infused intravenously during and after the transplantation, respectively. In post transplantation, 6 hours diuresis, delay graft function (DGF), creatinine (1 week, 2 weeks and 3 months), cyclosporine (2 weeks) and cold ischemia were measured in bone-marrow-treated group (A: 9 patients) and non-bone-marrow-treated group (B: 9 patients). Results: A significant increase in diuresis, a significant decrease in DGF, a significant decrease (1 week and 2 weeks) and marginally significant decrease (3 month) in creatinine, no significant difference in cyclosporine blood level (2 weeks), operation time and cold ischemia were seen in group A in comparison to group B. 2 patients had CMV infection in group B, but none in group A. Conclusion: The transplantation of autologous-bone-marrow-cells in cadaver kidney recipient is safe and significantly decreases early graft dysfunction. Further clinical trial is needed to confirm these promising results. Keywords: Bone marrow, Delayed graft function, Kidney transplantation, Stem cell.

A Novel Method for Iatrogenic Vesicovaginal Fistula Treatment: Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma Injection and Platelet Rich Fibrin Glue Interposition

Maliheh Keshvari Shirvan; Daryoush Hamidi Alamdari; Alireza Ghoreifi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 29-29

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2678

Abstract

Introduction: Vesicovaginal fistula remains a challenge in surgical therapy. In this study autologous platelet rich plasma and platelet rich fibrin glue were used as a minimally invasive ... Read More

The Cancer Stem Cell Hypothesis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A New Target for the Treatment

Maryam Amirchaghmaghi; Pegah Mosannen Mozafari; Zohreh Dalirsani

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 30-30

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2679

Abstract

Within a single tumor clone, cells have significantly different abilities to proliferate and form new tumors. This has led to the hypothesis that most cells in a cancer have a limited ... Read More

A Review on Bioethics and Legal Concerns in Stem Cell Researches from Embryo Point of View

Farzad Mahmoodian; Bita Pakniyat Jahromi; Nazanin Setayeshpour

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 31-31

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2684

Abstract

Introduction: Sharply progression and development in different aspect of technology and science in the field of medicine and sanitation bring many challenges in biological moral and ... Read More

Maxillary alveolar bone grafting: the role of Platelet-rich plasma (PRF)

Saeedeh Khajehahmadi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 32-32

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2685

Abstract

Introduction: Gold standard for alveolar cleft bone grafting is autogenous bone. Advantage of adding the growth factors to the bone is established, so adding PRF to the autogenous ... Read More

Stem Cells in Regenerative Endodontics

Maryam Forghani

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 33-33

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2686

Abstract

Background Currently, clinical endodontics includes procedures that are based on the ability of stem cells to accomplish repair (eg, direct pulp capping, apexogenesis, apexification, ... Read More

Tracking Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplanted to Experimental Rabbit Model with Brain Trauma by MRI

Ayoob Rostamzadeh; Mohammad Jafar Rezaie; Reza Ahadi; Mohammad Farzizadeh; Rastegar Rahmani Tanha; Arash Shabani

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 34-34

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2687

Abstract

Introduction Brain trauma is one of the most common causes of hospitalization, disability, and mortality of people aged 15 to 74 years in nowadays societies. On the other hand, nowadays, ... Read More Introduction Brain trauma is one of the most common causes of hospitalization, disability, and mortality of people aged 15 to 74 years in nowadays societies. On the other hand, nowadays, different categories of stem cells are used to treat different kinds of diseases. BM-MSCs, are center of scientific research because of their high differentiation and proliferation ability. Methods: Stem cells were isolated from animal bone marrow and after cultivation in passage 3, they were labeled with dose of 5 mg/ ml of USPIO (prepared by the Institute of Sharif Teb System), after 36 hours, they were incubated in the cultivation medium. To confirm the iron nanoparticles inside the cells Prussian blue staining was used. A number of 5 × 105 labeled MSC injected in rabbit the through the auricular artery , and the rabbits were imaged in coil wrists at time intervals of 1 week after injury , 1 ,3 ,10 ,16 and 24 days after injection by 1.5-T MRI system . In addition, Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR studies were used to evaluate cells differentiation into neurons or neuroglia. Results: 24 hours after injection of MSCs, MRI images showed that almost half of the cells have accumulated in the lungs, however 72 hours later the labeled MSC signals were observed as hypointensive areas in the lesion site on the T2* relaxation time. Results also showed that 1.5 T MRI scanner is capable of tracking of the cells up to 16 days after injection. 8 animals at specified time intervals (up to day 16) were killed .The results of Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR on day 64 after injection showed that the cells in the lesion site express the proteins, such as GFAP and Beta tubulin III, that are the markers of astrocytes and neurons, respectively. Conclusion: Furthermore, their differentiation into neuroglia cells or even neurons (without getting into the laboratory environment) could be a promising approach for treating different kinds of brain injuries and other disorders of the nervous system. However, another important issue is the restricting factor of the lung which traps a large number of systemically transplanted cells. Thus, the systemic injection through the artery is suggested. Keywords: Brain trauma, Cells transplantation, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Operative Dentistry and Biomaterials for Tooth Regenration

Horieh Moosavi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 35-35

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2688

Abstract

Tissue-engineered biomaterials have existed approximately 40 years as simple biomimetic structures. Replacement of human tissue with new tissue can be accomplished by generating replacements ... Read More

Stem Cell in Breast Milk

Ahmadshah Farhat; Mohammadhasan Arjmand; Ashraf Mohammadzadeh

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 36-36

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2689

Abstract

Tissue-engineered biomaterials have existed approximately 40 years as simple biomimetic structures. Replacement of human tissue with new tissue can be accomplished by generating replacements ... Read More

Tooth Regeneration with Stem Cell Sources

Neda Naghavi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 37-37

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2690

Abstract

Introduction: During the last decade, advances in tissue engineering and stem cell-based tooth regeneration have provided realistic and attractive means of replacing lost or damaged ... Read More Introduction: During the last decade, advances in tissue engineering and stem cell-based tooth regeneration have provided realistic and attractive means of replacing lost or damaged teeth. The first adult stem cells isolated from dental tissues were dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). When transplanted with hydroxyl apatite/tri calcium phosphate (HA/TCP) powder, they formed a dentin-like structure lined with odontoblast-like cells that surrounded a pulp-like interstitial tissue. DPSCs could differentiate in vitro into other mesenchymal cell derivatives such as odontoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts and could also differentiate into functionally active neurons. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have also been isolated from the dental pulp of human deciduous teeth. When these cells are transplanted mixed with HA/TCP in vivo, they can form dentin and bone but not dentin–pulp complexes. Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are found in the papilla tissue in the apical part of the roots of developing teeth. The third molars and teeth with open apices are an important source of SCAPs. Transplantation of SCAPs and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) into tooth sockets allowed the formation of dentin and periodontal ligament. Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) have also been isolated from the follicles of developing third molars. They can differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and nerve-like cells in vitro and form cementum and periodontal ligament in vivo. Results: Future therapeutic approaches for the restoration of damaged dentin, pulp, cementum, and periodontal ligaments may make use of autologous stem cells that have been stored after removal from the patient. Conclusion:With regard to clinical application, these stem cells share the common obstacles of ethical concern arising from their embryonic origin, the risk of tumorigenesis, and the possibility of immune rejection after allogeneic transplantation. Keywords: Tooth Regeneration, Stem Cell.

Toxicity Study Of gelatin-chitosan Films with Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Cultured in Rat

Afsane Karami Juyani; Mehdi Saberi; Gholamreza Kaka; Mahvash Jafari; Simin Riyahi; Mahdieh Taghizadeh

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 38-38

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2691

Abstract

Background :Gelatin and chitosan are known as biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers.These biopolymers have recently receivedincreasingly more attention for tissueengineering.The ... Read More Background :Gelatin and chitosan are known as biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers.These biopolymers have recently receivedincreasingly more attention for tissueengineering.The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effects of gelatin-chitosan film on bone marrow stromal cell(BMSCs) culture in rat. Materials & Methods: First, gelatin- chitosan composites film were prepared by solution mixing, followed by film casting of both biopolymers in glacial acetic acid.After two passage of BMSCs culture, the cells were cultured in four plate groups including: control plates have no any film,gelatinplates,chitosan plates and gelatin- chitosan plates.Theproliferation,differentiation,viability and apoptosis rates of BMSCs were studied duringthesecond,fourthand sixth days.The activity of superoxidedismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels were determined by using biochemical methods. Results:The results showed that the mean BMSCs proliferation significantly reduced in chitosan group compared to control group (p<0.05),but in gelatin and gelatin- chitosan groups were similar to control group.Mean percentage of BMSCs apoptosis in all groups except chitosan group were similar to control group. Mean percentage of BMSCs viability at all groups was similar to control group except chitosan film. In addition, no significant changes were observed in CAT activity and GSH and MDA levels in comparison with control group.After72hours,SOD activity in gelatin-chitosan group was significantly reduced compared to other groups. No cell differentiation was detected in all groups. Conclusion: Results of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and antioxidantactivity in cultured BMSCs on a gelatin–chitosanfilm showed that gelatin-chitosanfilm can be used in tissue engineering and cell therapy as a good model of a biodegradable scaffold. Keywords: Antioxidant system, Bone Marrow StromalCells, Cell Proliferation andDifferentiation, Gelatin-Chitosan Film.

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adiopose Tissue and Placenta and the Adipocytic and Osteocytic Differentiation

Zahra Mohammadi; Jalil Tavakol Afshari; Mohammad Reza Keramati; Daryoush Hamidi Alamdari; Meysam Ganjibakhsh; Azam Moradi Zarmehri; Ali Jangjoo; Mohammad Hadi Sadeghian

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 39-39

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2692

Abstract

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from adult tissues, such as the adipose tissue, or other sources. Among all these sources, adipose tissue because of easy access, ... Read More

Study on Effect of Head, Tail, and Limbud extracts of Mouse on Differentiation of Hair Follicle Stem Cells to Neural cells

S Shojaie; R Khanbabaee; M Kasaian

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 40-40

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2693

Abstract

Introduction: Adult stem cells are the group of cells which conserve their nature in tissues and organs among other cells. In recent years, the researchers reported the existence of ... Read More

Isolation, Characterization and Differentiation of Rat Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Seyed Javad Hoseini; Hamed Ghazavi; Ahmad Ghorbani; Hamid Reza Sadeghian; Majid Ghayour Mobarhan; Elaheh Mahdipour

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 41-41

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2694

Abstract

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells have the potential of self-renewal and differentiation into different cell types, including blood cells, heart, nerves and cartilage, ... Read More Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells have the potential of self-renewal and differentiation into different cell types, including blood cells, heart, nerves and cartilage, and have unlimited power for division. These cells can be obtained from cord, before implantation from fertilized cells and also from various tissues of adults although the differentiation power and the ability to reproduce other cells are different. The use of these cells in the biological sciences, embryology and genetics are considered further.The aims of this study are extraction and characterization of stem cells with respect to differentiation of these cells into bone and fat cells in order to investigate the potential use of them in animal experimental models of stroke and heart attack and then in the case of the proper response at the bedside. Methods: An incision was made in the abdomen and about one gram of fat tissue was removed. After splitting under the hood, pieces of fat transferred into a sterile falcon tube and collagenase was added. The tube was put inside a water bath (37 ° C) for digestion fat components. After centrifugation the cells were extracted and cultured. After the third passage, the cells were placed in the appropriate ostogenic and adipogenic differentiation culture. To ensure the accuracy of the extraction method, the cell surface markers of the stem cells derived from human adipose tissue were analyzed by flowcytometry. Results: Staining with Oil Red and Alizarin Red showed that stem cells extracted by the aforementioned method have the ability to differentiate into bone and fat cells respectively. The results of flocytometry showed that CD34 and CD44 markers were negative and CD45 and CD105 were positive consistent with the immunological properties of Mesenchyma stem cells. Conclusions: This study showed that the mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue have the potential to differentiate into other cell types and due to the aims specified for continuation of this research, these cells can be used in the animal experimental models of stroke and myocardial infarction. Keywords: Adipose tissue, Mesenchymal stem cells,Rat.

Nanoscale Mechanical Stimulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

H Nikukar; S Reid; AS Curtis; MJ Dalby

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 42-42

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2695

Abstract

Introduction: Mechanical stimulation of human mesenchymal stem cells has demonstrated changes in many cell behaviours such as adhesion, migration, growth and differentiation through ... Read More Introduction: Mechanical stimulation of human mesenchymal stem cells has demonstrated changes in many cell behaviours such as adhesion, migration, growth and differentiation through mechanotransductive pathways. These include experiments on effect of nanotopography 1, shear stress, stiffness of extracellular matrix 2, strain, stress and acoustic wave energy 3 on cells. In this research we were looking for mesenchymal stem cell responses to nanoscale mechanical vibrations in Z-axis. The changes in cell number and shape, differentiation and genetic changes were compared after stimulation with static control groups. Methods: A simple protocol for the stimulation of cells in nanoscale Z-axis has been developed for this project (Figure 1). Piezo actuator (type: P-010.00H by PI CeramicÒ) connected to the cell culture dish moves the entire surface up and down. The amount of displacement is dependent on the voltage applied. Attaching an aluminium disk to the base of the Petri dish ensures faithful transfer of the vibration to the cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow (PromoCellÒ) were seeded with 104 cells/dish. After 4 hours seeding and cell settlement, the cells were stimulated for 24 hours, 1 week, and 2 weeks. Experiments were performed in an incubator with optimal temperature 37°C and 5% CO2 concentration. The Petri dish was 60 mm x 15mm standard tissue culture treated polystyrene dish (52mm base diameter) from CorningÒ Incorporated and cell culture media used was MEM alpha modification with L-Glutamine and nucleosides from PAA laboratories (Austria) supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin). Results: We observed significant responses after 1 and 2-week stimulations in cell number, cell shapes and phenotypical markers. Microarray was performed for all groups. Cell count showed normal cell growth with stimulation. However, cell surface area, cell perimeter, and arboration after 1-week stimulation showed significant increases. Immunofluorescent studies have showed significant increase in osteocalcin production after stimulation. Conclusions: Nanoscale mechanical vibration showed significant changes in human mesenchymal stem cell behaviours. Cell morphology changed to become more polygonal and increased expression of the osteoblast markers were noted. These findings with gene regulation changes suggesting nanoscale mechanostimulation has stimulated osteoblastogenesis. Keywords: Mesenchymal, Nanoscale, Stem Cells.

Effects of Inflammatory Cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor-α on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Gene Expression: A Mechanism for Liver Regeneration

Maryam Ayatollahi; Ramin Yaghobi; Zeinab Sahraian; Rozita Zyaie

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 43-43

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2696

Abstract

Introduction Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) which is produced in abundance in the normal adult liver, is deeply involved in hepatocyte survival, growth, and differentiation ... Read More Introduction Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) which is produced in abundance in the normal adult liver, is deeply involved in hepatocyte survival, growth, and differentiation during liver development. IGF-I plays the roles via the receptor (IGF-IR) signaling pathway. IGF-IR unlike IGF-I is expressed strongly in the developing liver, but much more weakly in adults. Objective: We hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines in liver injury may activate human liver progenitor cells to increase expression of IGF-1R, mediate IGF-1 and its cognate receptor-signaling pathways which contribute to liver regeneration. Methods: To study this, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were aspirated from human normal donor after obtaining informed consent. Cells were divided into nine experimental groups and stimulated with inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Evaluation of differential expression of IGF-1R in TNF-α-treated human MSCs was done by real time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The MSCs were CD11b (CR3), CD45, CD34, CD31 (PCAM-1), CD40, CD80 (B7-1), and HLA-class II negative because antigen expression was less than 5%, while they showed a high expression of CD90, and CD73. The differentiation of osteoblasts, is determined by deposition of a mineralized extracellular matrix in the culture plates that can be detected with Alizarin Red. Adipocytes are easily identified by their morphology and staining with Oil Red. The real time-PCR data reflected increased expression of IGF-IR in human MSCs upon TNF-α stimulation in a dose response manner. Conclusion: We concluded that ex vivo TNF-α affects IGF-1R expression in human marrow-derived MSCs and might contribute to in vivo-stimulation of liver progenitor cell affected by local inflammatory cytokines due to IGF-1R expression and liver regeneration after injury. It can be a strategy to improve stem cell-effectiveness before in vivo-cell transplantation. Keywords: Adult stem cells, Insulin-like growth factor-I, Gene expression, Liver regeneration.

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells

P Mahdiyar; Sh Zare; R Robati; M Dianatpour; K Torabi; AD Tamadon; I Razeghian Jahromi2; A Tamadon; D Mehrabani

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 44-44

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2697

Abstract

Introduction Based on previous researches, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are easily accessible with limited morbidity after collection. Their embryonic origin, from neural crests, ... Read More Introduction Based on previous researches, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are easily accessible with limited morbidity after collection. Their embryonic origin, from neural crests, explains their multipotency. DPSCs are primarily derived from the pulp tissues of the teeth.Objective: This study was undertaken to isolate, culture, and characterize two different third molar and first premolar human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: To obtain DPSCs, pulp tissues were removed from human third molar and first premolar teeth. They were digested by treating with collagenase type I. The extracted cells were passaged from primary culture up to passage 8. To enumerate the cells, the specified number of the cells were seeded into 24-well culture plates and the number of cells were counted to determine the growth curves of isolated cells from both type of teeth and the population duplication time (PDT) was determined. PCR and karyotype assays were performed to determine the cell surface mesenchymal markers and demonstrate the genetic stability of DPSCs, respectively. Results: The human DPSCs from both the third molar and the first premolar teeth were spindle-shaped in morphology. As growth curves showed, the proliferation rate of DPSCs in passage 8 among both teeth was different denoting to an increase in doubling time in the first premolar when compared to the third molar teeth. Normal karyotype of DPSCs derived from both the third molar and the first premolar teeth were exhibited. The isolated dental pulp stem cells expressed mesenchymal stem cell surface antigen. These cells were positive for CD73 but were negative for CD45 (hematopoietic stem cell marker). Conclusion: DPSCs can be an attractive candidate in regenerative medicine. As growth curves revealed, the first premolar teeth are suggested as a better source of MSC isolation. Keywords: Dental pulp, Growth curve, Mesenchymal stem cell, Molar tooth, Premolar tooth.

Platelet-rich plasma as filling material in open sinus lift surgery

Amin Rahpeyma

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 45-45

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2698

Abstract

Background Many biomaterials are used during the open sinus lift surgery, beneath the elevated scheniderian membrane and maxillary sinus bony floor but the search for Ideal material ... Read More

Cancer stem cells: therapeutic targets

Mahdi Habibi-Anbouhi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 46-46

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2699

Abstract

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as rare cellular populations in many cancers, including leukemia and solid tumors. This minor subpopulation of cancerous cells is immortal ... Read More

The characterization of CD marker profile of breast milk-derived stem cell

Mahsa Sani; Seyed Mojtaba Hoseini; Fatemeh Aleahmad; Mahin Salman Nejad; Sepideh Ebrahimi; Samira Jahanshahi; Tahereh Talaei

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 47-47

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2700

Abstract

Background The mammary gland in humans is a dynamic organ that undergoes significant developmental changes during pregnancy, lactation, and involution. Stem cells derived from ... Read More

Osteoporosis after stem cell transplantation

Maryam Khalesi; Mehran Beiraghi Toosi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 48-48

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2701

Abstract

Background Stem cell transplantation has become as a novel treatment for end-stage kidney, lung, heart , liver diseases and several hematologic disorders. Improved survival of ... Read More

Review of Effect of Storage Time before Freezing on Stem Cells Surveillance, Collected from Cord Blood, Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow

M Amirpour

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 49-49

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2702

Abstract

Introduction: The use of cord stem cells, as a cell source for bone marrow reconstruction in patient under hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is enhancing. The amount of CD34+cells ... Read More

Evaluation of Stem Cell Markers, CD44/CD24 in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Masoud Hashemi Arabi; Siamak Salami

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 50-50

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2703

Abstract

Background Cancer stem cells play crucial roles in resistance to therapeutic schemes and relapse of disease, so it is important to find targeted therapies that kill them selectively. ... Read More

Wisdom Tooth as the Source of Stem Cells

Saeedeh khajehahmadi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 51-51

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2714

Abstract

Background Wisdom teeth are usually removed as a routine procedure for therapeutic or prophylactic reasons. Developing wisdom teeth are easy accessible source of stem cells during ... Read More

Ectopic Expression of Embryo/Cancer Sequence A (ECSA) in KYSE-30 Cell Line Using Retroviral System

M Khaleghizadeh; MM Forghanifard; M Gholamin; B Memar; MR Abbaszadegan

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 52-52

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2715

Abstract

Background Human preimplantation embryonic cells share many similarities with cancer cells such as ability to self-renew, unlimited proliferation and maintenance of the undifferentiated ... Read More

Isolation of Adipose Tissue Stem Cells with Organ Culture Method

Ahmad Ghorbani; Seyed Amir Jalali; Masoumeh Varedi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 53-53

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2716

Abstract

Background Isolation of adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with current enzymatic methods has some limitations. For example, it is costly and time-consuming and results ... Read More

Advanced tissue engineering in periodontal Regeneration

Seyed Ali Banihashemrad

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 54-54

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2717

Abstract

The old wishes of people were to regenerate lost tissues of periodontium that this fact is achieved by gen and cell therapy .Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation around the ... Read More

Effect of Platelets Rich Plasma on Skin Rejuvenation

Mahnaz Banihashemi; Daryoush Hamidi Alamdaran; Solmaz Nakhaeizadeh

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 55-55

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2718

Abstract

Introduction Autologous plasma-rich platelet (PRP) is a human platelet concentrated product which is in low volume of plasma. Using PRP in rejuvenation and resolution of some cosmetic ... Read More Introduction Autologous plasma-rich platelet (PRP) is a human platelet concentrated product which is in low volume of plasma. Using PRP in rejuvenation and resolution of some cosmetic problems has been already popular in many countries and also in Iran. As no study performed in this field in Iran and regarding the high prevalence of using PRP in society with no validate references in the case of skin rejuvenation, we are trying to research clinical effects of PRP facial rejuvenation. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 30 volunteer persons with Glogau score of II and III were participated. Appropriate amount of blood obtained in two sessions with 3 months interval and used in order to produce plasma-rich platelet. Immediately after production of platelets, platelet concentrated product injected in sterile condition and 4 ˚C by an expert physician. Injections were 1 cc in upper zone of face, 1 cc in cheeks and 1cc in lower zone of face and were sub-dermal and intra-dermal (Threading technique). Injections were done in two sessions with 3 months interval. Before the beginning and after the end of treatment, digital photography of patients provided. Evaluation of wrinkle improvement was done on the basis of personal judgment of patient and observation of before and after treatment photography by therapeutic physician and a dermatologist who is unaware of order of photos. Results: Mean age of patients was 45.1±6.89 years and in the range of 35 to 55 years. In 3 and 6 months follow-ups, most of patients reported moderate to excellent improvement in periorbital darkness, periorbital wrinkle, nasolabial fold and skin rigidity. Also, in general evaluation of patients in 3 and 6 months follow-ups, most of the patients reported moderate to excellent improvement and only 17% of patients reported no improvement or mild improvement. In therapeutic physician assessment, in 3 and 6 months follow-ups, mild to moderate improvement in periorbital wrinkle and dyschromia in most of the patients reported. But in nasolabial fold assessment, no improvement reported in most of them. In second physician assessment, no improvement or mild improvement was observed in periorbital wrinkle in 3 and 6 months follow-ups. For dyschromia, mild to moderate improvement and for nasolabial fold, no improvement were reported in most of the patients. Conclusion: In this study, patients’ improvement in the assessments of the patients, therapeutic physician and second physician (unaware of study) observed variably which was the most in patients’ satisfaction evaluation. Additionally, best effects of PRP in rejuvenation were specified to improvement of periorbital darkness and decreasing skin wrinkle. Keywords: Facial skin rejuvenation, Plasma-rich platelet.

Co-Transplantation of VEGF-Expressing Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Enhance Islet Revascularization in Diabetic Nude Mice

Ensiyeh Hajizadeh; Yaser Tahamtani; Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar; Harry Heimberg; Yves Heremans; Philippe Ravassard; Hossein Baharvand

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 56-56

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2719

Abstract

Background: Pancreatic islet transplantation has emerged as a promising treatment for type I diabetes. However, its efficacy is severely hampered due to poor islet engraftment and ... Read More Background: Pancreatic islet transplantation has emerged as a promising treatment for type I diabetes. However, its efficacy is severely hampered due to poor islet engraftment and revascularization, which have been resulted to partially loss of transplanted islets. It has been shown that local delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could accelerate transplanted islet revascularization, although permanent high level of VEGF may lead to undesirable side effects. In this study we investigated the effects of conditional cell-based delivery of VEGF through collagen-fibrin hydrogel on transplanted islet function and revascularization. Material and Methods: RH6 human embryonic stem cell derived mesenchymal stem cells (ES-MSCs) have been generated, characterized and transduced by two lentiviruses containing rtTA and VEGF-A. Tet-on expression of VEGF from these cells was shown by tube formation assay and was confirmed through VEGF ELISA. After co-transplantation of these cells and mouse isolated islets through collagen-fibrin hydrogel in the omental pouch of diabetic nude mice, the blood glucose, body weight, glucose tolerance and serum C-peptide was measured after 28 days. As control groups, islets were transplanted alone and with non-transgenic ES-MSCs. For measurement of revascularization, immunohistoflourscence examination was done and micro vessel density (MVD) and vessel size have been measured. Results: Receiving the same number of islets (300 IEQ) in all transplanted groups, the average blood glucose concentrations of mice transplanted with islets/hESC-MSC:VEGF were significantly lower than mice transplanted with islets or islet/hESC-MSC at different time points. This notable difference in blood sugar of transplant groups, was also reflected in their weight gain. Serum C-peptide level was higher in islet/hESC-MSC:VEGF (349.8±51.2 pM) compared with islet/hESC-MSC group and islet group but it was not markedly different from C-peptide levels in normal mice. In intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IP-GTT) to examine glucose responsiveness of the islet graft, mice in islet/hESC-MSC:VEGF group returned to normoglycemic state at the same rate as normal mice, while mice in islet/hESC-MSC and islet groups responded more slowly and did not return to the normoglycemic state. The results showed improved islet functionality and micro-vessel density in the group of mice received islets with VEGF expressing hESC-MSC, compared with control groups. Conclusion: We conclude that conditional expression of VEGF from hESC-MSCs during islet transplantation could enhance islet functionality and revascularization. This result can be used to improve the outcome of clinical islet transplantation. Keywords:Co-transplantation, Embryonic stem, Mesenchymal stem cells.

The effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on hepatogenic differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Effat Alizadeh; Nosratollah Zarghami; Mohammad Reza Baghaban Eslaminejad; Abolfazl Akbarzadeh; Shahrbano Jahangir; Abolfazl Barzegar; Shahryar Hahemzadeh; Abolghasem Mohammadi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 57-57

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2720

Abstract

Background Adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) are suitable choices in treatment of liver associated diseases. Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) is an amphipathic molecule ... Read More Background Adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) are suitable choices in treatment of liver associated diseases. Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) is an amphipathic molecule with potential of delivering both lipophilic and hydrophilic agents into cells. Few protocols used DMSO for induction of AT-MSCs towards hepatocyte like cells but the effect of DMSO on hepatogenic differentiation were not surveyed, previously. In the present study, we aimed at evaluation of the effect of DMSO in differentiation of AT-MSCs into hepatic lineage. Methods: We isolated MSCs from adipose tissue then multi-potency and surface markers of AT-MSCs was evaluated. Isolated AT-MSCs randomly dispensed in four groups including group 1: HGF treated, 2: HGF+DMSO treated, 3: HGF+ DMSO+ OMS treated, and group control for a period of 3 weeks in the expansion medium without serum, EGF and bFGF was also included in the first stage of inductions. The morphologic changes during induction period was observed with microscopy. The protein levels of albumin and a-fetoprotein (AFP) of the differentiating MSCs was investigated by ELISA and urea production was evaluated by colorimetric assay. The qRT-PCR was performed for quantitation of hepatocyte marker genes including a-fetoprotein (AFP), CK18, HNF4a, and HNF6. The glycogen storage of differentiated cells was visualized by periodic-acid Schiff‘s staining. Results: The results demonstrate that DMSO speeds up hepatic differentiation of AT-MSCs characterized by rapid changes in morphology, higher expression of hepatic marker gene (AFP) in both mRNA and protein level (P<0.05), also, increased transcriptional levels of other hepatic genes including CK18, HNF4a, and HNF6 (P<0.01) moreover, greater percentage of glycogen storage( p< 0.05) in DMSO treated groups. Conclusion: DMSO catalyzes hepatic differentiation, therefore using DMSO for acceleration of the hepatogenic protocols of AT-MSCs appears advantageous. Keywords: Adipose Tissue, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Hepatic differentiation.

Increase of Proliferation and Colonization in Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cell by Low Intensity Ultrasound

Mahdi Mohaqiq; Mansoureh Movahedin; Manizheh Mokhtari Dizaji; Zohreh Mazaheri

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 58-58

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2721

Abstract

Background Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the foundation of spermatogenesis. Sound wave especially low intensity ultrasound (LIUS) can be effective on increasing the number ... Read More

Evaluation of the Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells with or without Ga-Al-As Laser

Maryam Bidar

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 59-59

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2722

Abstract

Background Recently, the clinical use of low power lasers has increased, and it is said that wound healing is accelerated by their irradiation. The aim of this study was evaluation ... Read More

Stem Cell Therapy in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Ashraf Mohammadzadeh; Ahmadshah Farhat

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 60-60

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2723

Abstract

Introduction there are one million deaths from asphyxia in newborn annually. Management of this newborn is only supportive. Autologuse stem cell therapy may reduce mortality and long ... Read More

General Anesthesia for Lumbar Puncture and Bone Marrow Aspiration /Biopsy in Children

Ali Ghasemi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 61-61

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2724

Abstract

Background Multiple procedures (Lumbar puncture and bone marrow aspiration /biopsy) cause pain, stress, depression and etc for the patients and their families. Various methods ... Read More

Stem Cells of the Dental Pulp

Mahboobe Dehghani

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 62-62

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2725

Abstract

Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) can be found within the cell rich zone of dental pulp. These stem cells, under specific stimuli, differentiate into many cell types which have wide ... Read More

Stem Cell-Based Therapy (Cell Therapy) in Iran and other Countries

Mohammad Mousaei Ghasroldasht; Maryam M.Matin; Hamid Reza Bidkhori; Ahmad Reza Bahrami

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 63-63

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2726

Abstract

Cell therapy is a modern approach in the treatment of most of the diseases which uses stem cells and it has been recently developed rapidly. Cell therapy has shown satisfactory results ... Read More

Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation to Insulin Producing Cells and Evaluation their Responses in Vitro and in Vivo

Seyyed Abbas Zojaj; Reza Shafiee-Nick; Ahmad Ghorbani

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 64-64

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2727

Abstract

Background In recent years, many researchers haveattempted to cure diabetes by using stem cells technology. Stem cells from different sources have capabilityto differentiateinto ... Read More Background In recent years, many researchers haveattempted to cure diabetes by using stem cells technology. Stem cells from different sources have capabilityto differentiateinto insulin producing cells (IPCs) by different methods. The obstaclesof these methods aretheirexpensive materials and complexity ofmethodswhichare practicallydisadvantagesfor producing enough transplantableIPCs that can cure a diabetic patient. The aim of present study was to test a method for isolation and differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC)into IPCs which is simple method and produce abundant IPCs. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats 4-6 weeks age and 200-250 g weight were used. Bone marrow was isolated from femoral bone under asepticconditionand cultured as monolayerin DMEM in a density of 1×106/well at 37ºC and 5% CO2 for72 h. After three passages, the cells were differentiated into adiposities and osteocyte cells which approved using oil red and alizarin red staining, respectively. To produce IPCs, BMSC was cultured in low glucose DMEM, with 1% DMSO and without FBS for three days on collagenated coverslips. After three days, theculture medium was changedto DMEM containing 25 mM glucose plus10%FBS and incubated for 7 days. For assessment of insulin secretion capabilityof IPCs, the cells were incubated in DMEM containing5.5 or 25 mM glucose with or without IBMX for two hours. Samples from the medium were taken for subsequent insulin assay For in vivo assay, the mice were made diabetic by injection 200 mg/kgstreptozocinintraperitoneally,which produced a fasting blood sugar about 450 mg/dl. For each mouse, 105 IPCs were injectedintraperitonally. Control mice were injected with 100 µl normal saline.The mice blood sugars were checked every 3 days with a glocoumeter device. Results: The content of secreted insulin in 5.5 m M glucose concentration was about 40miu/ml that raised to72 miu/ml with incubation with 25 mM glucose. The insulin secretion was potentiated by IBMX which increased to 104miu/ml. One week after IPC transplantation to diabetic mice, fasting blood sugar was started to decrease. After two weeks of transplantation, the blood glucose was fallen to 265 mg/dL comparing to control mice which their fasting blood sugar was about 450 mg/dl until end of study. Conclusion: In this study we introduced a simple, valuable and low cost method to produce insulin producing cells from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells which could be translated into human clinical trials. Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells, Transplantation, Diabetes.

The Effects of Low Level Laser Therapy on the Expression of Collagen Type I Gene and Proliferation of Human Gingival Fibroblasts (Hgf3-Pi 53): in vitro Study

Ali Forouzanfar

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 65-65

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2728

Abstract

Background Recent investigations show that both proliferation and secretion of macromolecules by cells can be regulated by low level laser therapy (LLLT). The aim of this study ... Read More

Noninvasive Stem Cell Labeling Using USPIO Technique and their Detection with MRI

Ayoob Rostamzadeh; Arash Shabani; Reza Ahadi; Mohammad Farzizadeh; Alireza Gharib; Saber Miraki

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 66-66

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2729

Abstract

Background: To date, several imaging techniques to track stem cells are used such as positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), Bioluminescence ... Read More Background: To date, several imaging techniques to track stem cells are used such as positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), fluorescence imaging, CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although, overall sensitivity of MRI compared to SPECT and Bioluminescence techniques are lower, but due to high spatial resolution (~100 mm), long term three-dimensional imaging capability, in vivo quick access to images in three different sections, and noninvasiveness it is being used as the method of choice. Methods: The present study is the search results for authors and sources of information in the field of molecular and cellular imaging to examine the problems and perspectives about stem cells labeling with Ultrasmall Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide (USPIO) and their tracking by MRI. Results: With the advancement of technology, including quantum physics, chemistry, and computer software, MRI with an excellent spatial resolution and contrast, is surpasses other imaging modalities in the analysis of anatomical and pathological features and images of all body tissues. From the other side, advances in the astronomical science, chemistry and nanotechnology, high biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles, and due to analysis in the metabolic pathways of iron made the procedure easier; however, there are still several fundamental questions in understanding the mechanism of biological molecules in the living cells including: 1- How to detect not only the location but also the performance of the labeled cells? Probably combination of USPIO nanoparticles with other reporter genes as contrast agents for MRI and PET can simultaneously be used to overcome these limitations 2) How to trace stem cells from pre-clinical models to translate to humans? Up to now, due to issues of bioethics, little studies have been done in this area. 3) Whether the transplanted stem cells that have reached the target tissue, will remain or migrate? Despite the fact that cell proliferation and exocytosis are two main factors for long term protection of USPIO nanoparticles inside cells, their signals cannot be received for a long time. 4) What mechanisms cause stem cells reaching the target tissue to react with their environment? And 5) what is the number of transplanted cells in live tissue, and what is their half-life? Conclusion: This study showed that USPIO nanoparticles can enter the cell with a clear dose without any adverse biological effects and could be detected by SWI and T2* techniques under MRI (1.5 Tesla) scanner for almost one month. MRI as a secure mean can illustrate with optimal resolution the spatial-resolution and three-dimensional positions of the stem cells. Keywords: Ultrasmall Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide (USPIO), labeled stem cell, in vivo tracking, MRI.

Variations of the Normal Human Limbal Stem Cells Detected by In Vivo Confocal Microscopy

Siamak Zarei-Ghanavati; Juan A. Ramirez-Miranda; Sophie X. Deng

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 67-67

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2730

Abstract

Background To report normal variations of the limbal structures using in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy. Methods: This was a retrospective study of fourteen eyes ... Read More

Expressional Analysis of Stem Cell Marker SALL4 in Mesencephalon during Chicken Embryogenesis

Malihe Bahadori; Saedeh Zafar-Balannezjad; Mohammad Mahdi Forghanifard

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 68-68

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2731

Abstract

Background SALL gene family represent a group of evolutionary conserved zinc finger transcription factors which are involved in normal development. It includes four members (SALL1 ... Read More

Different isolation methods of dental pulp stem cells

Solmaz Pourgonabadi; Zahra Tayarani-Najaran

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 69-69

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2732

Abstract

Considering the ease of isolation and high expansion potential of pulp stem/progenitor cells isolated from wisdom and primary teeth they have been implicated as the most reliable autologous ... Read More Considering the ease of isolation and high expansion potential of pulp stem/progenitor cells isolated from wisdom and primary teeth they have been implicated as the most reliable autologous cell source in dental tissue engineering. Meanwhile, different isolation methods have remarkable impacts on the expansion potential of adult stem cells. In enzymatic digestion method extracted teeth as dental pulp sources are kept in PBS or medium containing at least 2 % (w/v) antibiotics until isolation procedure. Permanent teeth fractured with a mini hammer in order to get access to the pulp chamber and root canals. After washing with sterile PBS, pulp tissue cut into small pieces as much as possible (~1 mm 3 pieces). Tissue pieces are washed six times with sterile PBS containing 1% antibiotic and 1% amphotericin and placed in 1 ml a solution of trypsin for 15 min in 37°C. Afterthought, tissues were cut in to smaller pieces and placed in six well plates for 10 min to dry. There are some variations in the mentioned method, for instance; using different enzymatic combination of collagenase type I and dispase instead of trypsin. In outgrowth methodpulp tissue placed directly in a cell culture plate with the growth medium after washing with sterile PBS and cutting into small pieces. In the present review, we discuss pros & cons of culturing human dental pulp of wisdom teeth using two methods; enzymatic digestion and outgrowth of stem cells from pulp tissue explants. The most significant differences in enzymatic digestion and outgrowth methods are in reported cell number and homogeneity. While the former is always higher in enzymatic digestion, tissue explants allow the expansion of fibroblastic-like cells in dental pulp cultures. Moreover, isolated dental pulp stem cell in outgrowth method is lower than enzymatic digestion in number but in homogeneity is higher than enzymatic digestion. Kay words: Dental pulp stem cell, Isolation,enzymatic digestion, Outgrowth.

Tissue Engineering in Dentistery

Saedeh khajehahmadi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 70-70

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2733

Abstract

Introduction Perforation of maxillary sinus mucous membrane is of the most prevalent complication during open sinus lift surgery. Moreover, such complication can usually be managed ... Read More

Investigating the Ethical Challenges of Researches and Treatments Using Stem Cells

Z Behroooznia; S Mansouri Majoufardi; Z Hazratian Azizi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 71-71

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2734

Abstract

Background Nowadays using the stem cells has opened a new horizon in the medical science and is indeed a practical and non-invasive method for treating refractory diseases such as ... Read More Background Nowadays using the stem cells has opened a new horizon in the medical science and is indeed a practical and non-invasive method for treating refractory diseases such as Leukemias , lymphomas, blood disorders and so on. Nonetheless, proper and sustainable uses of such powerful cells undoubtedly need to be as per certain ethical principles. of the existing challenges in using stem cells, we could mention issues such as: the resources used for stem cells such as fertilization and intentional abortions, generating embryos merely for laboratory studies, commercial benefits, the degree of accuracy in satisfaction, pushing therapeutic cloning towards reproductive cloning and exaggerated propagations on treatments using stem cells. Investigating the ethical challenges of researches and treatments using stem cells as well as providing suggestions on solving some ethical issues. Methods The research methods are based on using the existing library resources such as books, domestic & foreign magazines as well as the internet websites bearing ethical codes. Results Considering the extensive use of the stem cells, realistic programming for solving the ethical issues seems to be essential. using replacement resources for stem cells including: IVF surplus embryos, aborted fetuses, the embryos produced by Therapeutic cloning via Somatic cell nuclear Transfer (SCNT), Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS), and parthenogenesis are recommended. Definitely, any of the suggested replacement resources have got their own ethical and complicated issues. promoting development of public umbilical cord blood blanks in order to maintain fairness among various social classes, carrying out the preclinical researches and risk to benefit analysis, performing systematic researches, refusing to pay against donation of gametes & embryos, Recommending cellular-therapy only in case it is safer than other available therapeutic methods. Informing the patient of the adverse effects of cellular therapy, providing the low income patients with financial supports via health insurances, using moral manuals and lastly stressing on religious ethics in line with medical ethics and expanding research and studies on the use of adults' stem cells are recommended as replacement methods. Key words: cellular therapy, cloning, Medical ethics, Stem cells, Research ethics.

The Role of Stem Cell Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis: an Overview of the Current Status of the Clinical Studies

Rokhsareh Meamar; Leila Dehghani; Shahrzad Nematollahi; Amirpoya Tanhaee

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 72-72

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2735

Abstract

The complexity of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the incompetence of a large number of promise treatments in MS urge us to plan new and more effective therapeutic approaches that aim to ... Read More

Genetically Engineered Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell – derived Cardiomyocytes as a Suitable Model on Drugs Toxicity In vitro

Leila Dehghani; Mohammad-Hossein Nasr Esfahani; Soheila Tahani

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 73-73

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2736

Abstract

Background DOX is a powerful chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of solid tumors and malignant hematological diseases. However, its cardiac toxicity limits the clinical usefulness ... Read More

Tc-99m Labeled HMPAO white Blood Cell Scintigraphy in a patient with Hip Prosthesis

Kayvan Sadri; Kamran Aryana; Susan Shafiei; Sepideh Barati; Seyed Rasoul Zakavi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 74-74

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2737

Abstract

Background The ability to follow the distribution and migration of biologically active cells in human is essential for the development of cell-based therapies and diagnostics. Nuclear ... Read More

Repair of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Using Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Transfected with Adenoviral Vector Expressing Glial derived Neurotropic Factor (GDNF) in a Rat SCI Model

R Salarinia; A Daei; A Biglari; I Jafari Anarkooli; S Mazloomzadeh; PR Lowenstein

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 75-75

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2738

Abstract

Back ground Subsequent to spinal cord injury many pathological changes may occur that could lead to inappropriate environment for repair. The Most important of such changes is ... Read More Back ground Subsequent to spinal cord injury many pathological changes may occur that could lead to inappropriate environment for repair. The Most important of such changes is the death of neurons. Exogenous administration of growth factors that modulate neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmission has been proposed as a potential therapeutic treatment for SCI. Among these growth factors, GDNF is a peptide with pleiotropic survival and growth-promoting effects on neurons. In addition, GDNF induces the growth of motor and sensory axons and inhibits neuronal apoptosis. Adult stem cells may provide new strategies to treat SCI. Among various types of candidate stem cells, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are promising because they have shown potential to neuronal differentiation and repair in damaged spinal cord. In this study, we aimed to improve results of treatment using combination of BMSC and GDNF features. Methods: Rats were divided randomly into four groups of six. Spinal cord injury was then performed under general anesthesia using the weight dropping method. The BMSCs were injected on 3th day of post-spinal cord injury. Group one included rats receiving normal saline, group two received BMSC, group three received BMSC infected with adenoviruses encoding the beta-galactosidase gene, and group four received BMSC infected with adenoviruses encoding the GDNF gene. A Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score test was performed for a period of four weeks. Two weeks before the end of BBB, biotin dextran amine was injected intracerebrally followed by tissue staining at the end of the fourth week. Results: There was a significant difference in BBB scores between groups one and four (p<0.05). BBB scale improved to 12.8 points group one, while it was 8.6 in the control. There were no significant differences between other groups. There were significant differences in axon counting between group one and other groups (p<0.0001). Also, there were significant differences in axon counting between group four with groups two and three (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Combined use of these methods (GDNF expressing BMSCs) showed better results in comparison with BMSC alone. In this study the two methods were used simultaneously. The time of injection of BMSCs is very important and so we suggest that other injection times be tested. Key words: BMSC, GDNF, Gene Therapy, Spinal cord injury.

The Current Status of Bone Marrow Transplantation in Treatment of Patients with Hemophilia

Hassan Mansouritorghabeh; Alireza Modarresi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 76-76

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2739

Abstract

Background Bone marrow transplantation (BMT)is nowadays used in various hematological disorders including leukemias. Hemophilia A & B are sex linked bleeding disorders in which ... Read More Background Bone marrow transplantation (BMT)is nowadays used in various hematological disorders including leukemias. Hemophilia A & B are sex linked bleeding disorders in which there are various genetic abnormalities in factor VIII & IX genes. Among various hematological disorders, bleeding disorders mainly hemophilia in now widely treated using plasma derived and recombinant factor VIII & IX concentrates. Day to day transfusion of coagulation factor VIII & IX in current lifelong disorder is a burden for the patients and decrease their quality of life. Although infection of coagulation products with blood-borne viruses that was major concern in treatment of hemophilia has been eliminated nearly complete at the present time, but appearance of factor VIII & IX inhibitors are huge burdens in treatment of hemophilia for both clinicians and patients. In this day and age BMT has gathered new insight and acceptable treatment for many hematological and non-hematological disorders. If BMT will be successful in treatment of hemophilia, it will improve quality of life (by nearly permanent treatment without necessary of daily treatment) and decrease mortality rate (by providing continuous coagulation factor level in blood system). The aim of current study was to determine current role of BMT in treatment of hemophilia A & B and evaluate current usage of BMT for treatment of hemophilia A & B. Methods literature review was done using following key words: “bone marrow transplantation & hemophilia”, “stem cells transplantation & hemophilia”, BMT & hemophilia” in PubMed search engine without any time restriction. In addition the literature search limited to English languages papers. Results After complete search, abstracts of 24 original papers obtained and among them full text of 18 full text of papers accessed. The review of current papers showed that although BMT has been used in a rare cases with hemophilia (mainly hemophilia with another blood disorder), it does not use commonly and currently in treatment of patients with hemophilia A at present time. Literature review showed that scientists now focused on bone marrow transplantation in mouse model of hemophilia. Conclusion The literature review showed that BMT at present time is not common medical procedure and it is now in animal models, stage. Key Words: Bone marrow transplantation, Hemophilia, Treatment.

Buccal fat pad: A location for obtaining adipose divide stem cells

Amin Rahpeyma

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 77-77

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2740

Abstract

Background Buccal fat pad is known as anatomic structure in between the masticatory muscles that separate these muscles from each other and surrounding bone. Ease of access, ... Read More

The effect of autologus peripheral blood cells transplantation along with platelet rich plasma in the treatment of patients with stress incontinence

Maliheh Keshvari

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 78-78

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2741

Abstract

Background The aim of this clinical trial was the assessment of safety and efficacy of submocosal and periurethral injections of peripheral blood derived autologous stem cells along ... Read More

Reconstructionof Human Mandibular Continuity Defects with Allogenic Scaffold and Autologousmarrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mahdi Gholami

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 79-79

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2742

Abstract

Background Mandibular continuity defects occur after tumor resection, maxillofacial injury, or osteomyelitis. Despite the current availability of a plethora of treatment modalities, ... Read More

Potential use of Dental Pulp Stem Cell in Laboratory Studies and Clinical Trials

Zahra Tayarani-Najaran; Solmaz Pourgonabadi

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 80-80

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2743

Abstract

Stem cell-based therapy has great potential in treating health conditions including cardiovascular, autoimmune, type I diabetes, neurodegenerative and bone and cartilage diseases also ... Read More

Facts about Stem Cells and Importance of Them

Masumeh Saeidi; Ali Khakshour; Habibolah Taghizadeh Moghadam; Foad Faroughi; Majid Rahban

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 81-81

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2744

Abstract

Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells. They are found in multicellular ... Read More Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells. They are found in multicellular organisms. In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells—ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm (see induced pluripotent stem cells)—but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin, or intestinal tissues. There are three accessible sources of autologous adult stem cells in humans: Bone marrow, which requires extraction by harvesting, that is, drilling into bone (typically the femur or iliac crest), Adipose tissue (lipid cells), which requires extraction by liposuction, and Blood, which requires extraction through apheresis, wherein blood is drawn from the donor (similar to a blood donation), and passed through a machine that extracts the stem cells and returns other portions of the blood to the donor. Stem cells can also be taken from umbilical cord blood just after birth. Of all stem cell types, autologous harvesting involves the least risk. By definition, autologous cells are obtained from one's own body, just as one may bank his or her own blood for elective surgical procedures. Adult stem cells are frequently used in medical therapies, for example in bone marrow transplantation. Stem cells can now be artificially grown and transformed (differentiated) into specialized cell types with characteristics consistent with cells of various tissues such as muscles or nerves. Embryonic cell lines and autologous embryonic stem cells generated through Somatic-cell nuclear transfer or dedifferentiation have also been proposed as promising candidates for future therapies.

Evaluation of Crystal, Crack and Ethanol on viability of Mesenchymal Stem cells

Shahrzad Havakhah; Azar Hosseini; Malihe Hassan Zadeh3

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 82-82

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2745

Abstract

Introduction Nowadays, due to drug abuse the world community has suffered considerable losses, resulting from productivity loss; transmission of ... Read More

Evaluation of Therapeutic Effects of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Prevent the Progression of Chronic Nephropathy in Renal Transplant

Ali Ghasemi; Freshteh Mamdouh; Farhad Gholami

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 83-84

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2758

Abstract

Background Chronic allograft nephropathy(CAN) is one of the most common causes of chronic and end stage renal disease. It is defined with Mainly tubular atrophy and ... Read More Background Chronic allograft nephropathy(CAN) is one of the most common causes of chronic and end stage renal disease. It is defined with Mainly tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis and no evidence of any other etiology, or functional disorder that caused at least three months after transplantation . Control of risk factors (HTN,DM,HLP, …) and limiting usage of calcineurin inhibitors or replace all of them keep longer it and positive C4d nephropathy shiting to celecept or increase dose recommended . The use of mesenchymal stem cells has three thrapuitic purposes : first, the ability of these cells into the desired tissue , the induced effects on cell damage and third is regulation of immune system , which is totally new way to deal with the disease. Materials and Method :Using keywords , mesenchyma cells , renal transplantation, chronic failure Search in Google Scholar , impacts of information such as PUB MED, and magazines such KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL and research centers such as the Institute of Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of embryos and one book and dissertations were used. within twelve source material has been collected and summarized. Member reconstruction methods (regeneration), which auto multipotential stem cell and tissue engineering werer used, significant results obtained. In animal models and human studies , these cells inhibit the proliferation and function of immune cells ( T and B cells and NK) and adjust the function of dendritic cells and induction of regulatory T cell activity logs. Their immunomodolatory activities are through non- specific anti- proliferation activity of contact -dependent cell - cell or secreted factors such as IDO or indolamin oxidase 2 and 3 , prostaglandin E2, HLA-G, interferon, interleukin- B1 The combination of injected antibodies and stem cells transplantation was effective, the incidence of acute rejection in the first year, fewer opportunistic infections , and renal function was significantly better in the group of stem cells. The effect of autologous cell transplantation bone marrow stem cell on renal allograft significantly improved compared to that in all cases , the use of stem cell therapy approach is effective and without danger . Transplantation of bone marrow -derived mesenchymal cells with Pioglitazone in patients with decompensated cirrhosis ( clinical trial phase I). Reducing fibrosis , or prevention of fibrosis in animal studies has been shown to possess twice CD133 cell transplantation or bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells compared with a control group of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in human samples is ongoing .Portal venous injection of stem cells into hepatic indices somewhat improved . Repeated cell transfusions in these patients may lead to lasting health effects . No clinical studies done on the effects of these cells in transplant rejection and treatment of fibrosis. Therapy with autologous mesenchymal stem cell for allograft rejection is safe (Safety), and available (Feasibility). Findings further benefit their immunosuppressive effects. Intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells can largely reduce the symptoms of graft rejection and graft survival. members can help . Transplantation of mesenchymal cells, also reduces memory fatal cells. Results:Nephropathy and chronic renal allograft rejection is a potential problem that they are facing almost 90 % of the recipient ,. The two groups of Patients have similar incidence of acute rejection and graft survivle , fewer opportunistic infections in the first year , and was significantly better renal function in stem cells DGF in patients receiving stem cell significantly decreased than control group. early half of the patients in the control group had DGFwhich occurred in the first week and Cratinin was significantly lowerin the first and second week in the case group. Injections ( one million cells per kilogram of patient weight ) of autologous mesenchymal cells derived from bone marrow was done and biopsies showed, fibrosis and atrophy of the tubules according to protocol after the link (IF / TA) was approved . Studies showed that treatment with stem cells autologous transplant rejection in renal allografts is harmless (Safety), and available (Feasibility) , and findings for the benefit of their immunosuppressive effects .Conclusions: Several clinical trial was done and are doing .Therapy with autologous stem cell for choronic allograft nephropathy is harmlesss (Safety), and available (Feasibility) , and findings confirmed for the benefit of their immunosuppressive effects Derived mesenchymal stem cells not only increasing regulatory cells ,but also reduces fatal memory cells and possible repair or reconstruction may provide with these cells. Regeneration, and repair with multi -potential stem cell or isolated mesenchymal cells from the patient's associated tissue engineering , particularly in the kidney have achieved considerable results.

Stem Cells Application in Modeling of Human Genetic Diseases

Hoda Mollaei; Mohammad Khalaj-kondori

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 85-85

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2759

Abstract

The use of animal models in modeling of human genetic disease has many advantages. In some cases, however, this method may not be applicable due to some limitations, such as differences ... Read More

Toxicity Study of Gelatin-chitosan Films with Bone Marrow Stromalcells Cultured in Rat

Afsane Karami Juyani; Mehdi Saberi; Gholamreza Kaka; Mahvash Jafari; Simin Riyahi; Maliheh Taghizadeh

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 87-87

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2761

Abstract

Background Gelatin and chitosan are known as biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers.These biopolymers have recently receivedincreasingly more attention for tissueengineering.The ... Read More Background Gelatin and chitosan are known as biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers.These biopolymers have recently receivedincreasingly more attention for tissueengineering.The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effects of gelatin-chitosan film on bone marrow stromal cell(BMSCs) culture in rat. Material & Methods: First, gelatin- chitosan composites film were prepared by solution mixing, followed by film casting of both biopolymers in glacial acetic acid.After two passage of BMSCs culture, the cells were cultured in four plate groups including: control plates have no any film,gelatinplates,chitosan plates and gelatin- chitosan plates.Theproliferation,differentiation,viability and apoptosis rates of BMSCs were studied duringthesecond,fourthand sixth days.The activity of superoxidedismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels were determined by using biochemical methods. Results: The results showed that the mean BMSCs proliferation significantly reduced in chitosan group compared to control group (p<0.05),but in gelatin and gelatin- chitosan groups were similar to control group.Mean percentage of BMSCs apoptosis in all groups except chitosan group were similar to control group. Mean percentage of BMSCs viability at all groups was similar to control group except chitosan film. In addition, no significant changes were observed in CAT activity and GSH and MDA levels in comparison with control group.After72hours,SOD activity in gelatin-chitosan group was significantly reduced compared to other groups. No cell differentiation was detected in all groups. Conclusion: Results of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and antioxidantactivity in cultured BMSCs on a gelatin–chitosanfilm showed that gelatin-chitosanfilm can be used in tissue engineering and cell therapy as a good model of a biodegradable scaffold. Keywords: Antioxidant system, Bone Marrow Stromal Cells, Cell Proliferation andDifferentiation, Gelatin-Chitosan Film.

Histological Evidences after Platelet-Rich-Plasma and Adipose Drived Stem Cells Injection on Critical Size Cleft Palate

Sima Tavakolinejad; Daryoush Hamidi Alamdari; Saeedeh Khajehahmadi; Alireza Ebrahimzadeh Bidskan

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 88-88

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2762

Abstract

Background Cleft palate (CP) is a common congenital defect. It makes serious difficulties for cleft-affected children. The gold standard of care is autogenous bone grafting which may ... Read More Background Cleft palate (CP) is a common congenital defect. It makes serious difficulties for cleft-affected children. The gold standard of care is autogenous bone grafting which may cause additional problems in donor site along with disappointing results. Tissue engineering is a promising solution for a widespread range of defects and disorders. It is reasonable to utilize this novel technology for CP management. Stem cells and growth factors play essential role in tissue engineering. Adipose tissue contains a population of stem cells that can be isolated and differentiated into various cell lines, including osteoblasts. In this study, the authors used human Adipose-derived stem cells(hADSCs) and osteogenically differentiated hADSCs along with platelet rich plasma(PRP), a source of growth factors, to repair rat palatal bone defects. Materials and Method: Palatal bone defects were surgically made in 56 female rats. Animals divided into 7 groups (n=8). Human adipose-derived stem cells were collected and incubated with Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in order to labeling. The same was done to osteogenically differentiated hADSCs. Afterwards, the labeled cells were mixed either with PRP or Aminoplasmal and injected to the defect borders. Immunohistochemistry and morphometry analysis were performed 4weeks later. Results: Data showed a significant difference in cleft size between cell-injected and control groups while the cleft site fills with connective tissue rather than osseous tissue. Moreover, immunohistochemistry findings proved the presences of labeled cells in surrounding tissue. There is no significant difference between undifferentiated and osteogenically differentiated cells both in numerical area density of cells and defect size. Conclusion: This study revealed the feasibility of stem cell and PRP application according to CP reconstruction. Further investigation toward clinical application of tissue engineering in CP may eliminate bone harvesting and its negative consequences. Keywords: Adipose Derived Stem Cells, Cell Therapy, Cleft Palate, Platelet-Rich-Plasma.

STAT3 as a Key Factor in Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Stem Cell

Zahra Seyedi; Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar; Mohammad Reza Jaafari; Mohammad Reza Hashemzadeh

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 89-89

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2763

Abstract

Background Recent studies revealed that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a decisive role in the regulation of tumor progression by manipulating tumor oncogenesis, angiogenesis ... Read More

Investigation of FLK-1 Gene Expression in Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Exposed to Chemical, Mechanical and Chemical-mechanical Factors, in order to Study the Differentiation and its Stability

E Hasanzadeh; GH Amoabediny; N Haghighipour; N Amirzadeh; J Mohammadnejad; N Gholami

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 90-90

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2764

Abstract

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells, capable of differentiating into different cell lines.They can sense their surrounding biochemical and biophysical factors, ... Read More Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells, capable of differentiating into different cell lines.They can sense their surrounding biochemical and biophysical factors, which play major roles in their differentiation toward different phenotypes. Therefore, the exposure of these cells to endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as hemodynamic biomechanical forces, which act on endothelial cells in vivo, may direct MSCs toward vascular covering endothelial cells. The aim of this study, is to investigate the effects of chemical, mechanical and chemical-mechanical factors on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and to examine the stability of this in vitro differentiation. Materials and Method: Human Subcutaneous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in DMEM containing 20% FBS. They were characterized in passage 2, using flow cytometery technique and then were used in experiments. Mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in tubular silicone scaffolds, and then exposed to endothelial growth factor (VEGE), shear stress or combination of these two signals. In order to examine the differentiation, the expression level of FLK-1, as an endothelial specific gene, was studied. For studying the stability of this differentiation, FLK-1 mRNA levels were quantified using Real-Time PCR, upon completion of experiments, as well as on the 5thand 10th days after the tests. Results: According to the results of Real-Time PCR, immediately upon the completion of tests, mRNA level of FLK-1 was higher in the mechanical group (5.44), compared to the chemical (1.18) and chemical-mechanical (2.65) ones. On the 5th and 10th days after the experiments, FLK-1 expression levels were higher in chemical-mechanical group (6.34 and 7.56 respectively), compared to the chemical (2.18 and 0.99, respectively), and mechanical (2.96 and 3.92, respectively) ones. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that not only FLK-1 gene expression is stable over time, but also cells exposed to the chemical and mechanical cues, simultaneously, show the highest expression of this gene. The increase in FLK-1 expression over time implies the enhanced compatibility of differentiated cells with each other and their surrounding environment, which may be probably due to the higher sensitivity of FLK-1 gene expression to the combination of chemical and mechanical signals. Keywords: Differentiation, Shear stress, Stem cell, Stability, VEGF.

Evaluation of β-actin as a Reference Gene for Comparative Expression Analysis of Equine Adipose- and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by qRT-PCR

Fatemeh Nazari; Abbas Parham; Adham Fani Maleki

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 91-91

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2765

Abstract

Background Bone marrow and adipose tissue are two main sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Some of studies suggest that there are some differences in gene expression profile ... Read More

Effect of Purification of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Expression of vWF Cell Factor Under Chemical and Mechanical Conditions

N Gholami; GH Amoabediny; N Haghighipour; N Amirzadeh; J Mohammadnejad; E Hasanzadeh

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 92-92

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2806

Abstract

Introduction: Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) are easily accessible in the body, and under appropriate conditions, they can be directed toward various phenotypes. ... Read More Introduction: Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) are easily accessible in the body, and under appropriate conditions, they can be directed toward various phenotypes. Therefore, hADSCs have been considered as a potential cell source for tissue engineering applications. hADSCs are able to differentiate into endothelial cells which covers the interior surface of vessels, in vivo. CD271 is a surface marker for hADSCs and hADSCs purified based on this marker (ADSCs-CD271+) are more capable of differentiating into various cells such as endothelial cells. In the present work, ADSCs-CD271+ were exposed to endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitro, and using a perfusion bioreactor, the effect of shear stress (a mechanical signal that is naturally produced by blood flowing ), on their differentiation into endothelial cells was investigated. Materials and Method: hADSCs were isolated from fat tissue and cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS. Then they were characterized in passage 2, using flow cytometery technique. CD271expression level was examined and flow cytometry using antibodies was used to separate ADSCs-CD271+ from (p2) ADSCs. ADSCs-CD271+ were cultured and characterized and their expression level was examined. ADSCs and ADSCs-CD271+ in passage 3 were infused into 2 mm-diameter-silicone tubes coated with collagen I. The four experimental groups included control group (cells exposed to DMEM + 10% FBS, for 7 days), chemical group (cells exposed to differentiation medium containing DMEM, 3% FBS and 50 ng/ml of VEGF, for 7 days), mechanical group (cells were in a designed perfusion bioreactor, under application of 4 dyn/cm2 of shear stress for 24 hours) as well as chemical- mechanical group. Real-Time PCR was used to quantify the expression level of vWF (the factor specifying endothelial cells) in the experimental groups. Results: in the current work, ADSCs showed 1% of CD271 marker, which was increased to 52% after purification. Evaluation of surface markers using flow cytometry confirmed the mesenchymal characteristics of both cell groups. According to the results from Real-time PCR, the chemical-mechanical group, the mechanical group and then the chemical group (in both purified and unpurified cells) showed the highest expression of vWF, respectively. The expression of vWF was generally higher in ADSCs-CD271+ groups compared ADSCs ones. Conclusion: The findings of this study imply that MSCs purification as well as combining the chemical and mechanical factors can improve vWF expression. Keywords: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell, CD271,Differentiation, VEGF, shear stress, vWF gene.

Comparative Analysis of Expression of Chemokoine Receptors CXCR4, CXCR6, CCR1 and CX3CR in Human Adipose-Drived Mesenchymal Stem Cell with Valproic Acid

Maryam Hasanzadeh-Moghadam; Amin Edalatmanesh Mohamad; Ali Akbar Haddad Mashhadrizeh

Volume 2, Issue 2.3 , May 2014, Pages 93-93

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2807

Abstract

Introduction: Chemokine receptors are found on the surface of stem cells. There have been 19 distinct chemokine receptors described in mammals. Chemokines are major players in migration ... Read More

Volume 12 (2024)

Volume 11 (2023)

Volume 10 (2022)

Volume 9 (2021)

Volume 8 (2020)

Volume 7 (2019)

Volume 6 (2018)

Volume 5 (2017)

Volume 4 (2016)

Volume 3 (2015)

Volume 2 (2014)

Volume 1 (2013)

Volume & Issue: Volume 2, Issue 2.3 - Serial Number 2, May 2014, Pages 1-93

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