Document Type : review article
Author
department of neonatology niloufer hospital
Abstract
Background: Preterm birth, impacting 10% of global births, increases risks of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and sepsis, with varied treatment responses necessitating personalized therapies. Precision medicine, leveraging genomic and metabolomic data, offers tailored interventions to enhance neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) outcomes. Objective: To evaluate genomic and metabolomic advancements for customizing RDS and sepsis treatments in preterm infants, highlighting applications, limitations, and future prospects. Methods: A narrative review synthesized literature from 2015–2024 on genomic profiling, pharmacogenomics, and metabolomics in neonatal care, sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and DOAJ. Results: Genomic profiling identifies SFTPB variants, guiding surfactant therapy for RDS with 20–30% dosing variability. Pharmacogenomics optimizes sepsis antibiotic regimens, with CYP2C19 variants reducing vancomycin toxicity by 15%. Metabolomic biomarkers, like phosphatidylcholines and lactate, enable early RDS and sepsis diagnosis with 85–90% sensitivity. Challenges include data complexity, ethical issues, and limited access in low-resource settings. Conclusion: Precision medicine improves neonatal care through individualized therapies but requires validation, cost reduction, and ethical frameworks for equitable implementation
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