Document Type : original article
Authors
1 Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
2 Ramhormoz Health Network, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis is endemic in 98 countries, and 350 million people in the world are at risk of this disease. It is necessary to evaluate the influencing leishmaniasis preventive behaviors to manage this disease in endemic areas. The present study aimed to determine the factors associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis preventive behaviors in parents using the BASNEF model.
Methods: The research was an analytical cross - sectional study. The sample consisted of
154 parents selected via the available sampling method. The instrument for gathering data was a standard questionnaire based on the BASNEF model that was completed by parents. SPSS software version 16 was used for data analysis and the significance level was considered at 0.05.
Results: The knowledge of 32.4% of parents about cutaneous leishmaniasis preventive behaviors was lower than the average level. In the case of subjective norms, the most influential people for preventive behaviors were health liaisons (73.4%). The behavior of parents was directly correlated with subjective norms (r = 0.352, P <0.05) and intention (r = 0.384, P <0.01).
Conclusion: Cutaneous leishmaniasis can be controlled and managed in the family by creating a favorable attitude and using the power of the most influential people and providing enabling factors to perform leishmaniasis preventive behaviors by parents.
Keywords
- Torres-Guerrero E, Quintanilla-Cedillo MR, Ruiz-Esmenjaud J, Arenas R. Leishmaniasis: a review. F1000Research. 2017; 6.
- Alidoosti M, Heidari Z, Shahnazi H, Zamani-Alavijeh F. Behaviors and perceptions related to cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic areas of the world: a review. Acta Trop. 2021; 223:106090.
- Alvar J, Vélez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, Boer MD, WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PloS one. 2012 May 31; 7(5):e35671.
- Okwor I, Uzonna J. Social and economic burden of human leishmaniasis. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2016 Mar 2; 94(3):489.
- Al-Obaidi MJ, Ali HB. Evaluation of the surveillance and epidemiological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Babylon Province, Iraq. Iraqi J Sci. 2021; 62(3):793–800.
- Du R, Hotez PJ, Al-Salem WS, Acosta-Serrano A. Old world cutaneous leishmaniasis and refugee crises in the Middle East and North Africa. Plos Negl Trop Dis pntd. 2016; 10(5):e0004545.
- Shirzadi MR, Esfahani Asb, Mohebalia M, Ershadia MR, Gharachorlo F,Razavia MR, Postigo JAREpidemiological status of leishmaniasis in the Islamic Republic of Iran 1983–2012. East Mediterr Health J. 2015; 21(10):736–42.
- Jorjani O, Mirkarimi K, Charkazi A, Shahamat YD, Mehrbakhsh Z, Bagheri A. The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Golestan Province, Iran: A cross-sectional study of 8-years. Parasite epidemiology and control. 2019 May 1; 5:e00099.
9.Guerra RO, Neto JR, Martins TD, Farnesi de-Assunção TS, Rodrigues Junior V, Freire de Oliveira CJ, Almeida Silva AC, da Silva MV. Metallic Nanoparticles: A New Frontier in the Fight against Leishmaniasis. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2022.
- Norouzinezhad F, Ghaffari F, Norouzinejad A, Kaveh F, Gouya MM. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran: results from an epidemiological study in urban and rural provinces. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine. 2016 Jul 1; 6(7):614-9.
- Salim Abadi Y, Sanei-Dehkordi A, Hakimi Parizi M, Aghaei Afshar A, Sharifi I, Gorouhi MA, Shirani-Bidabadi L, Alizadeh I. Baseline susceptibility of a wild strain of main vectors of leishmaniasis to WHO-recommended insecticides in southeastern Iran. Parasites & Vectors. 2022 Dec; 15(1):1-7.
- World Health Organization. Leishmaniasis factsheet. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. https://www.who.int/.
- Razavi MR, Shirzadi MR, Mohebali M, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Vatandoost H, Shirzadi M, Gouya MM, Gharachorloo F, Arshi S, Amiri B. Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran, Up to Date-2019. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases. 2021; 15(2):143-51.
- Sanei-Dehkordi A, Soleimani-Ahmadi M, Zare M, Mirzaei H. Epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and distribution of sand flies in an endemic area in southeast of Iran. Parasite Epidemiology and Control. 2021 Aug 1; 14:e00220.
- Abuzaid AA, Abdoun AM, Aldahan MA, Alzahrani AG, Alhakeem RF, Asiri AM, Alzahrani MH, Memish ZA. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia: a comprehensive overview. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis VBZ. 2017; 17(10):673–84.
- Behbahani A, Ahmadi S, Latifi SM, Sadeghi M. Study of the frequency of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Omidiyeh district, Khuzestan province, south west of Iran (2008-2010). Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences. 2013: 37-46.
- Bilgic-Temel A, Murrell DF, Uzun S. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: a neglected disfiguring disease for women. International journal of women's dermatology. 2019 Jul 1; 5(3):158-65.
- Salehi-Sangani G, Mohebali M, Jajarmi V, Khamesipour A, Bandehpour M, Mahmoudi M, Zahedi-Zavaram H. Immunization against Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice using a subunit-based DNA vaccine derived from TSA, LmSTI1, KMP11, and LACK predominant antigens. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2019 Dec; 22(12):1493.
- Nazari M, Taravatmanesh G, Kaveh M H, Soltani A, Ghaem H. The Effect of Educational Intervention on Preventive Behaviors towards Cutaneous Leishmaniasis at Kharameh City in 2014. Shiraz E-Med J. 2016; 17(10):e39957.
- Chapman LA, Morgan AL, Adams ER, Bern C, Medley GF, Hollingsworth TD. Age trends in asymptomatic and symptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in the Indian subcontinent: A review and analysis of data from diagnostic and epidemiological studies. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2018 Dec 6; 12(12):e0006803.
- Amahmid O, El Guamri Y, Zenjari K, Bouhout S, Ait Moh M, Boraam F, Ait Melloul A, Benfaida H, Bouhoum K, Belghyti D. Epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in diagnosed patients from an endemic area (central Morocco). Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 2021; 45(3):762-8.
- Alizadeh G, Shahnazi H, Hassanzadeh A. Application of BASNEF model in students training regarding cutaneous leishmaniasis prevention behaviors: a school-based quasi experimental study. BMC infectious diseases. 2021 Dec; 21(1):1-9.
- Sharma M. Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion. Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2021 Jul 14.
- Rahai Z, Heshmati H, Hazavei SMM, Hassanzadeh A. Relationship between educational behavior of health liaisons and preventive behaviors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in their families based on BASNEF model in Yazd. Journal of the School of Health and the Institute of Health Research. 2011; 9(1):77-85.
- Hosseini SH, Rajabzadeh R, Jajarmi H, Armani K, Sarposhi D, Ahmadpour M, Marzi Z, Heshmati H. The effect of educational program based on BASNEF model on Volunteer Health Workers (VHWs) on Preventive behaviors among families under supported of VHWs. Journal of North Khorasan University. 2015: 561-572.
- Ghofrani Pour FA, Niknami SA, Javadian EA, Faghih Zadeh S, Heydarnia AR. Knowledge , Attitude And Practice Of Mothers That Are Resident In Endemic Areas Of Leishmaniasis In Yazad . Journal of Shaeed Sdoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazad 1999; 7(2): 888-918.
- Mazloumi SS, Servat FL. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Leishmaniasis: a descriptive study in the bafroye region. Toloo E Behdasht .2004; 3(1): 32-8.
28.Amirian H , Safavi M. Effect Of Education About Leishmaniasis Transmission And Prevention In Knowledge And Practice Of Female High School Students In Yazad In 2002 . Journal of Public Health 2002; 2(4): 20-5.
- Ghodsi M, Maheri M, Joveini H, Rakhshani MH, Mehri A. Designing and evaluating educational intervention to improve preventive behavior against cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic areas in Iran. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019; 10(4):253–62.
- Shafipour A, Nejati J, Mozaffari E, Rezaei F, Gharipour Z, Mirheydari M. The effectiveness of education based on BASNEF model on promoting preventive behavior of cutaneous leishmaniasis in students. Int J Pediatr. 2017; 5(6):5125–36.
- Heshmati H, Charkazi A, Hazavehei SMM, Rahaei Z, Dehnadi A. Factors
related to cutaneous leishmaniasis preventive behaviors on the basis of BASNEF model in residents of endemic areas in Yazd, Iran. Res; Health Syst. 2012; 7(6):1. - Irum S, Aftab M, Khan A, Naz S, Simsek S, Habib A, Afzal MS, Nadeem MA, Qasim M, Ahmed H. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL): a cross-sectional community based survey on knowledge, attitude and practices in a highly endemic area of Waziristan (KPK Province), Pakistan. Acta Trop. 2021; 213:105746.
- Saberi S, Zamani AR, Moatamedi N, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Jaffary F, Rahimi E, Hejazi SH. Evaluation of students’ knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to preventive strategies against leishmaniasis in the hyperendemic region of Shahid Babaie airbase. J Isfahan Med School. 2012; 29:2962–70.
- Pardo RH, Carvajal A, Ferro C, Davies CR. Effect of knowledge and economic status on sandfly control activities by householders at risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the sub andean region of Huila department Colombia. Biomedica. 2006; 26 Suppl 1: 167-79.
- Baghiani Moghadam MH. Survey of Basnef Model utility in controlling Diabetic patients in Yazd [Doctoral Thesis]. Tehran: Tarbiat Modares University. 2000; 131.
- LaVeist TA, Keith VM, Gutierrez ML. Black/white differences in prenatal care utilization: an assessment of predisposing and enabling factors. Health Serv Res. 1995; 30(1): 43-58.
- Downs DS, Hausenblas HA. Exercising for two: examining pregnant women's second trimester exercise intention and behavior using the framework of the theory of planned behavior. Women's Health Issues. 2003; 13(6): 222-8.
)