Exploring the Impact of Educational Interventions on Improving Self-care in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Narrative Review

Document Type : review article

Authors

1 Department of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital , Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.

10.22038/jpp.2025.91366.5600

Abstract

Managing type 1 diabetes in pediatric patients requires ongoing self-management to maintain glycemic control and reduce the risk of complications. This review aims to evaluate the impact of educational interventions on enhancing self-care among children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The analysis of relevant studies indicates that structured educational programs, particularly those involving family engagement, integration of advanced technologies, and implementation within school environments, significantly contribute to heightened awareness, improved self-care practices, and more effective blood glucose regulation. These findings highlight the critical need to develop educational strategies tailored to the developmental stage and psychological characteristics of children, offering valuable guidance for both clinical management and educational policy development.

Keywords


  1. Syed FZ. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Annals of internal medicine. 2022 Mar;175(3):ITC33-48.
  2. Herold KC, Delong T, Perdigoto AL, Biru N, Brusko TM, Walker LS. The immunology of type 1 diabetes. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2024 Jun;24(6):435-51.
  3. Hadad S, Ali MM, Sayed TA. Psychological and behavioral complications in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Sohag. Middle east current psychiatry. 2021 Aug 2;28(1):37.
  4. Salis S, Verma S, Kohli H, Mohan V. Type 1 diabetes peer support groups: bridging the gap between healthcare professionals and people with type 1 diabetes. Journal of Diabetology. 2022 Jan 1;13(1):16-24.
  5. Batista AF, Nóbrega VM, Fernandes LT, Vaz EM, Gomes GL, Collet N. Self-management support of adolescents with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the light of healthcare management. Revista brasileira de enfermagem. 2021 Jul 9;74(3):e20201252.
  6. Huerta-Uribe N, Ramirez-Velez R, Izquierdo M, Garcia-Hermoso A. Association between physical activity, sedentary behavior and physical fitness and glycated hemoglobin in youth with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine. 2023 Jan;53(1):111-23.
  7. Ghaljaei F, Motamedi M, Saberi N, ArbabiSarjou A. The effect of the family-centered empowerment model on family functioning in type 1 diabetic children: a quasi-experimental study. Medical-Surgical Nursing Journal. 2022 Jan 1;11(2).
  8. Smudja M, Milenković T, Minaković I, Zdravković V, Javorac J, Milutinović D. Self-care activities in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Plos one. 2024 Mar 5;19(3):e0300055.
  9. Loseby P, Schache K, Cavadino A, Young S, Hofman PL, Serlachius A. The role of protective psychological factors, self‐care behaviors, and HbA1c in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes. 2022 May;23(3):380-9.
  10. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. bmj. 2021 Mar 29;372.
  11. Lazzeroni P, Motta M, Monaco S, Laudisio S, Furoncoli D, Maffini V, et al. Improvement in glycaemic control in paediatric and young adult type 1 diabetes patients during COVID-19 pandemic: role of telemedicine and lifestyle changes. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis. 2021 Nov 3;92(5):e2021399.
  12. Sundberg F, Nåtman J, Franzen S, Åkesson K, Särnblad S. A decade of improved glycemic control in young children with type 1 diabetes: a population‐based cohort study. Pediatric diabetes. 2021 Aug;22(5):742-8.
  13. Halizasia G, Tanjung S, Monika DA, Ayla N, Rimadeni Y, Lisni L. Literature Review: Early Education of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on Children's Health Awareness. Teewan Journal Solutions. 2025 Jun 30;2(1):29-36.
  14. Broos B, Charleer S, Bolsens N, Moyson C, Mathieu C, Gillard P, et al. Diabetes knowledge and metabolic control in type 1 diabetes starting with continuous glucose monitoring: FUTURE-PEAK. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2021 Aug 1;106(8):e3037-48.
  15. Troncone A, Chianese A, Cascella C, Zanfardino A, Iafusco D. Psychological outcomes in children and early adolescents with type 1 diabetes following pediatric diabetes summer camp: a 3-month follow-up study. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021 Mar 10;9:650201.
  16. Yamaguchi M, Honda J, Fukui M. Effects of parental involvement on glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a scoping review. Journal of Family Nursing. 2023 Nov;29(4):382-94.
  17. Bassi G, Mancinelli E, Di Riso D, Salcuni S. Parental stress, anxiety and depression symptoms associated with self-efficacy in paediatric type 1 diabetes: a literature review. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021 Jan;18(1):152.
  18. Zhao X, Huang H, Zheng S. Effectiveness of internet and phone‐based interventions on diabetes management of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing. 2021 Jun;18(3):217-25.
  19. Cherubini V, Rabbone I, Berioli MG, Giorda S, Lo Presti D, Maltoni G, et al. Effectiveness of a closed‐loop control system and a virtual educational camp for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a prospective, multicentre, real‐life study. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2021 Nov;23(11):2484-91.
  20. Naame E, Pangburn M, Rankine J, Libman I, March CA. Parent Engagement in School Health Decisions for Type 1 Diabetes: Barriers to and Facilitators of Collaboration and Implications for Intervention Design. Diabetes Spectrum. 2025 Jul 1:ds250004.
  21. Cockcroft EJ, Clarke R, Dias RP, Lloyd J, Mann RH, Narendran P, et al. Effectiveness of Educational and Psychoeducational Self‐Management Interventions in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Pediatric diabetes. 2024;2024(1):2921845.
  22. Ayar D, Öztürk C, Grey M. The effect of web-based diabetes education on the metabolic control, self-efficacy and quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Turkey. The Journal of Pediatric Research. 2021 May 25.
  23. Abraham MB, de Bock M, Smith GJ, Dart J, Fairchild JM, King BR, et al. Effect of a hybrid closed-loop system on glycemic and psychosocial outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA pediatrics. 2021 Dec 1;175(12):1227-35.
  24. Varman SD, Cliff DP, Jones RA, Hammersley ML, Zhang Z, Charlton K, et al. Experiential learning interventions and healthy eating outcomes in children: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Oct 15;18(20):10824.
  25. Davidson P, LaManna J, Davis J, Ojeda MM, Hyer S, Dickinson JK, et al. The effects of diabetes self-management education on quality of life for persons with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. The science of diabetes self-management and care. 2022 Apr;48(2):111-35.
  26. Biglar Chopoghlo S, Hosseinkhani A, Khedmat L, Zaki-Nejad M, Puryaghoob M. The self-efficacy improvement in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus with self-care education through mobile-based social networking. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. 2021 Oct;41(4):676-82.
  27. Hajinia Z, Alaee Karahroudy F, Zaeri H, Ghasemi E. Effect of self-care education on self-management behaviors of children with type 1 diabetes. Journal of Modern Family Medicine. 2021;1(1):E104.