Refugees in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Needs, Problems and Challenges

Taghizadeh Moghaddam, Habibolah; Sayedi, Seyed Javad; Emami Moghadam, Zahra; Bahreini, Abbas; Ajilian Abbasi, Maryam; Saeidi, Masumeh

doi:10.22038/ijp.2017.8452

Refugees in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Needs, Problems and Challenges

Authors

¹ Department of Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

² Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

³ Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

⁴ 4Resident of Neurosurgery, Faculty of edicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

⁵ Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

10.22038/ijp.2017.8452

Abstract

As host to some of the world’s biggest emergencies and protracted crises, the Eastern Mediterranean Region carries the largest burden of displaced populations globally. Out of 58 million displaced persons worldwide, almost 30 million (52%) come from the Region. Syria is currently the world’s biggest producer of refugees and internally displaced persons, with more than 40% of the population now displaced. Afghanistan and Somalia face two of the longest-spanning refugee situations, with Afghanis constituting the second-largest refugee group in the world after Syrians, and Somalia facing one of the world’s most complex refugee situations. The Region is also witness to massive internal displacement. More than 4 million people in Iraq are now displaced inside the country. In Yemen, one of the world humanitarian crises in the world, more than 2.4 million people have relocated to safer areas to escape the violence.
Countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region have shown generous hospitality towards displaced populations. Lebanon, a country of four million people, is now the highest per capita host of refugees in the world, with refugees comprising almost a third of the total population. In Jordan, Syrians make up 10% of the population. Iran is host to 3 million Afghan refugees, during the last thirty years. Pakistan, a country with more than 1.5 million internally displaced persons, is also host to more than 1.5 million refugees from Afghanistan. With the majority of refugees and internally displaced persons across the region living outside camp settings, both displaced populations and host communities, are exposed to increased public health risks. These include infectious diseases due to overcrowded living conditions, limited access to safe water and sanitation, and varying degrees of access to primary health care services.

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