Document Type : original article
Authors
- Shahram Sadeghvand 1
- Ali Kamali 1
- Shadi Shiva 1
- Majid Mahallei 1
- Gisou Erabi 2
- Mohsen Jabbari 3
- Khashayar Moravej 4
- Niloofar Deravi 5
1 Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2 Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
3 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shahid Beheshti University of MedicalSciences, Tehran, Iran.
4 School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Isfahan(Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
5 Shahid beheshti university of medical sciences
Abstract
Background: Infantile Spasm (IS) is a convulsive disorder predominantly affecting infants, typically during their first year. These seizures often do not respond well to conventional antiseizure medications and anticonvulsants. This study investigates the epidemiology and factors influencing the one-year prognosis of patients with IS at Tabriz Children’s Hospital.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study included patients diagnosed with IS at Tabriz Children’s Hospital between 2015 and 2019. The data was collected through a checklist, gathering information on variables such as age at first seizure, age at diagnosis, gender, seizure type, hospitalization duration, neurological evaluation results, one-year prognosis, etiology, and delivery type.
Results: Among the patients, 40.5% had flexor seizures, 21.7% had extensor seizures, and 37.8% had mixed seizures. The most common causes were prenatal insults (27.0%), idiopathic (24.3%), and CNS malformations (16.2%). Electroencephalography (EEG) showed 30.8% with Modified Hypsarrythmia, 41.0% with Hypsarrythmia, and 23.1% with frequent epileptiform discharges. MRI revealed abnormalities in 8.1% of cases, while CT showed abnormalities in 43.2%. The most commonly prescribed medications were Phenobarbital (94.6%), Vigabatrin (78.4%), and ACTH (29.7%). The one-year prognosis showed 67.6% recurrence, 18.9% recovery with complications, and 5.4% mortality.
Conclusion: Prenatal insults, idiopathic causes, and CNS malformations were the most common etiologies for IS. Recurrence of the disease and recovery with complications were the most frequent one-year outcomes.
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