Document Type : original article
Authors
- Silva Hovsepian 1
- Tahereh Alinia 2
- Rojin Chegini 3
- Neda Mostafizadeh 3
- Shaghayegh Haghjoo Javanmard 4
- Mahin Hashemipour 3
1 Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Emam Hossein Children’s Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 1. Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
3 1. Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4 2. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Abstract
Background
Studies suggest a potential global increase in the incidence rate of type 1 diabetes (T1D) following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the incidence of T1D in Isfahan Province before and during the pandemic to better understand the situation in this population.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we determined the incidence rate of new-onset T1D for the two years preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2019) and during the two years of the pandemic (2020-2021). We also calculated incidence rates each year by sex and age groups (0–4 years, 5–9 years, 10–14 years, and 15–18 years).
Results
The age-adjusted incidence rates (95% CI) of T1D in Isfahan were as follows: 16.38 (16.27-16.49) in 2018, 13.94 (13.51-14.35) in 2019, 13.17 (12.44-13.90) in 2020, and 18.09 (17.17-19.00) in 2021 per 100,000 children. The average annual percent change (APC) was 9.7%, with the highest APC of 37.34% in 2021. There was no statistically significant trend in T1D incidence during the study period (P > 0.05). The frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was higher during the COVID-19 period in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2018, with rates of 54.89% in 2021, 52.82% in 2020, 52.68% in 2019, and 32.49% in 2018 (P < 0.005).
Conclusion
This research observed an increasing incidence rate of T1D, particularly in the second year of the COVID-19 outbreak. While other studies have also reported an increase in T1D cases, the complex nature of T1D development makes it challenging to draw definitive conclusions about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on T1D onset.
Keywords
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