Document Type : original article
Authors
1 Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Physical Education, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
3 Visiting Scholar, Indiana University, School of Public Health, Department of Kinesiology, USA
4 Ph.D in Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Gorgan, Iran
Abstract
Background: It has been shown that social support is an essential factor for participation of children in physical activity. However, this issue among children with ADHD has been rarely investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of social support on participation of children with ADHD in physical activity with considering the emotional wellbeing as a mediator.
Methods: This study followed a descriptive-correlational method. Totally, 103 children with ADHD aged 10 to 12 years attended in the special school for children with ADHD participated in this study. Social support, physical activity, and emotional wellbeing were measured by the use of standard questionnaires. Data was analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
Results: Descriptive data showed that our sample had relatively low amounts of physical activity, besides moderate levels of perceived social support and emotional well-being. Social support positively affected physical activity (T=6.954) and emotional wellbeing (T=6.954). Moreover, emotional wellbeing positively affected physical activity (T=6.954). Finally, emotional wellbeing significantly mediated the association between social support and physical activity (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that urgent strategies should be adopted for children with ADHD, as they had small amounts of physical activity. Moreover, social support can be considered as a vital factor in the participation of children with ADHD in physical activities. Finally, we can consider emotional wellbeing as a moderating factor in the effectiveness of social support on the amount of physical activity among children with ADHD.
Keywords
- Arnold, LE, Hodgkins, P., Kahle, J., Madhoo, M., Kewley, G. Long-Term Outcomes of ADHD: Academic Achievement and Performance. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2020; 24(1): 73-85.
- Sabzi, A., Dana, A., Salehian, M., Shaygan Yekta, H. The Effect of Water Treadmill Exercise on Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2021; 9(6), 13671-13681.
- Goulardins JB, Marques JCB, DeOliveira JA. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Motor Impairment: A Critical Review. Percept Mot Skills. 2017; 124(2):425-40.
- Basterfield L, Burn NL, Galna B, Karoblyte G, Weston KL. The association between physical fitness, sports club participation and body mass index on health-related quality of life in primary school children from a socioeconomically deprived area of England. Prev Med Rep. 2021; 24:101557.
- Lahart I, Darcy P, Gidlow C, Calogiuri G. The Effects of Green Exercise on Physical and Mental Wellbeing: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16(8):1352.
- Schwartz J, Rhodes R, Bredin S, Oh P, Warburton D. Effectiveness of Approaches to Increase Physical Activity Behavior to Prevent Chronic Disease in Adults: A Brief Commentary. J Clin Med. 2019; 8(3):295.
- Carson V, Hunter S, Kuzik N, Gray CE, Poitras VJ, Chaput JP, Saunders TJ, Katzmarzyk PT, Okely AD, Connor Gorber S, Kho ME, Sampson M, Lee H, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of sedentary behavior and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: an update. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016; 41(6 Suppl 3):S240-65.
- Wafa SW, Shahril MR, Ahmad AB, Zainuddin LR, Ismail KF, Aung MM, Mohd Yusoff NA. Association between physical activity and health-related quality of life in children: a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016; 4:71.
- Zhang X, Tan SS, Franse CB, Alhambra-Borrás T, Verma A, Williams G, van Grieken A, Raat H. Longitudinal association between physical activity and health-related quality of life among community-dwelling older adults: a longitudinal study of Urban Health Centers Europe (UHCE). BMC Geriatr. 2021; 21(1):521.
- Mohammad Gholinejad, P., Hojjati, H., Ghorbani, S. (2019). The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Body Composition and Muscle Strength of Female Students at Elementary Schools of Ali Abad Katoul in 2018. International Journal of School Health, 6(4), 27-33.
- Mohammadi, H., Nafei, H., Baniasadi, T., Chaharbaghi, Z. (2022). Accelerometer-Based Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with ADHD. International Journal of Pediatrics, Doi: 10.22038/ijp.2022.63699.4847.
- Hashemi Motlagh, S., BaniAsadi, T., Chaharbaghi, Z., Moradi, L. (2022). The Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Physical Activity in Children: Mediating Role of Motivation. International Journal of Pediatrics, Doi: 10.22038/ijp.2022.63421.4834
- Gallego-Méndez J, Perez-Gomez J, Calzada-Rodríguez JI, Denche-Zamorano ÁM, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Carlos-Vivas J, Garcia-Gordillo MÁ, Adsuar JC. Relationship between Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Activity in Children with Hyperactivity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(8):2804.
- Li R, Liang X, Liu F, Zhou Z, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Wang P, Yang B. Mediating Effect of Motor Competence on the Relationship between Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Biomed Res Int. 2021; 24:4814250.
- Dishman RK, Saunders RP, Motl RW, Dowda M, Pate RR. Self-efficacy moderates the relation between declines in physical activity and perceived social support in high school girls. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2009; 34(4): 441-451.
- Campos JG, Bacil EDA, Piola TS, Silva MP, Pacífico AB, Campos W. Social support, self-efficacy and level of physical activity of students aged 13-15 years. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum. 2019; 21: 1-11.
- Haidar A, Ranjit N, Archer N, Hoelscher DM. Parental and Peer Social Support is Associated with Healthier Physical Activity Behaviors in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Texas School Physical Activity and Nutrition (TX SPAN) Data. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19(1), 640-649.
- Sheikh, M., Bay, N., Ghorbani, S., Esfahanian, A. Effects of Peers on Motivation and Physical Activity Behavior of Adolescent Students: An Investigation of Trans-Contextual Model. International Journal of School Health. 2021; 8(1): 47-54.
- Golaszewski NM, Bartholomew JB. The development of the physical activity and social support scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2019; 41(4): 215-229.
- Dana A, Khajehaflaton S, Salehian M, Sarvari S. Effects of an Intervention in Online Physical Education Classes on Motivation, Intention, and Physical Activity of Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J School Health.2021; 8(3):141-149.
- Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. The behavioral assessment system for children (2nd Ed.). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service. 2004.
- Sallis JF, Bull F, Guthold R, Heath GW, Inoue S, Kelly P, Oyeyemi AL, Perez LG, Richards J, Hallal PC, Lancet Physical Activity Series 2 Executive Committee. Progress in physical activity over the Olympic quadrennium. Lancet. 2016; 388: 1325-1336.
- Mastoras SM, Saklofske DH, Schwean VL, Climie EA. Social Support in Children with ADHD: An Exploration of Resilience. J Atten Disord. 2018; 22(8): 712-723.
- Muñoz-Hurtado J. The Role of Teachers on Students´ Peer Groups Relations: A Review on Their Influence on School Engagement and Academic Achievement. Rev Interdiscip Filosof Psicol. 2018; 13(42): 30-43.
- Dana A, Nodeh H, Salehian M, Mokari Saei S, Sarvari S. Smartphone Usage Status, Sleep Pattern, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Physical Activity among Adolescents from before to during the COVID-19 Confinement: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J School Health.2021; 9(1): 1-9.
- Gholidahaneh MG, Ghorbani S, Esfahanian. Effects of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in the Physical Education on Leisure-Time Physical Activity Behavior of Primary School Students: Mediating Role of Autonomous Motivation. Int J Sch Health. 2020; 7(2):46-53.
- Ghorbani S, Afshari M, Eckelt M, Dana A, Bund A. Associations between Physical Activity and Mental Health in Iranian Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Accelerometer-Based Study. Children.2021; 8(11):1022.
- Hosseini FB, Ghorbani S, Rezaeshirazi R. Effects of Perceived Autonomy Support in the Physical Education on Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction, Intrinsic Motivation and Intention to Physical Activity in High-School Students. Int J School Health. 2020; 7(4), 39-46.
)