Document Type : original article
Authors
- Mohammad Mobin Mirimoghaddam 1
- Reza Ahmadi 2
- Majid Sezavar 3
- Atefeh Ahmadi 4
- Maryam Soleimani Houni 4
- Abolfazl Hosseinnataj 5
- Maryam Dehghanipour 4
- Zahra Ramazanian Bafghi 4
- Masumeh Ghazanfarpour 4
1 General Physician, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
4 Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Abstract
Background: This study aims to compare the COVID-related anxiety and depression between Midwives and nurses working in pediatric wars and the other clinical settings during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Methods: Random sampling method was implemented for sample selection. Modified Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure anxiety and depression related to COVID-19; and the data was analyzed through linear regression.
Results: In this study, 88.6% of the participants were female and the mean age of nurses was 30.41 ± 6.59 years. 36.4% of the nurses were midwives, 35% were pediatric nurses and the rest were other nurses. The mean and standard deviation of anxiety and depression scores were 12.76 ± 7.75 and 1.78 ± 2.27, respectively. 92.9% of the participants were anxious and 11.4% were depressed. The variables of marital status and sports activity had a significant effect on nurses' depression scores.
Conclusion: Anxiety and depression scores were not significantly different among the treatment staff. The prevalence of COVID-19 anxiety was high among hospital staff in Iran and the prevalence of depression was moderate, which can have detrimental effects on the quality of care provided by nurses and midwives to the patient.
Keywords
- Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 2020. 395(10223): p. 497-506.
- Jiang LC, Yan YJ, Jin ZS, Hu ML, Wang L, Song Y, Li NN, Su J, Wu DX, Xiao T, The depression anxiety stress Scale-21 in Chinese hospital workers: reliability, latent structure, and measurement invariance across genders. Frontiers in psychology, 2020. 11.
- Oliveira E.B.d, Silva SR, Sora ABd, Oliveira TSd, Valério RL, Dias LBS, Minor psychic disorders in nursing workers at a psychiatric hospital. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 2020. 54.
- Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, Li L, Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry research, 2020. 288: p. 112936.
- Posmontier, B. and D. Breiter, Managing generalized anxiety disorder in primary care. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 2012. 8(4): p. 268-274.
- Jiang S, Xia S, Ying T, Lu L, A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome. Cellular & molecular immunology, 2020. 17(5): p. 554-554.
- Wu D, Jiang C, He C, Li C, Yang L, Yue Y, Stressors of nurses in psychiatric hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychiatry research, 2020. 288: p. 112956.
- Bocéréan, C. and E. Dupret, A validation study of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in a large sample of French employees. BMC psychiatry, 2014. 14(1): p. 354.
- Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, Guo J, Fei D, Wang L, He L, Sheng C, Cai Y, Li X, Wang J, Zhang Z, Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2020. 7(4): p. e15-e16.
- Chen Q, Zhang Y, Zhuang D, Mao X, Mi G, Wang D, Du X, Yi Z, Shen X, Sui Y, Li H, Cao Y, Zhu Z, Hou Z, Li Q, Yuan Y, Health anxiety in medical employees: A multicentre study. Journal of International Medical Research, 2019. 47(10): p. 4854-4861.
- Maunder R, Hunter J, Vincent L, Bennett J, Peladeau N, Leszcz M, Sadavoy J, Verhaeghe LM, Steinberg R, Mazzulli T, The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. Cmaj, 2003. 168(10): p. 1245-1251.
- Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, Li L, Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry research, 2020: p. 112936.
- Ghazanfarpour M, Ashrafinia F, Zolala S, Ahmadi A, Jahani Y, Hosseininasab A, Investigating the Effectiveness of Tele-Counseling on Mental Health of Staff in Coronavirus Reference Clinics and Hospitals. Available at SSRN 3572898, 2020.
- Zigmond, A.S. and R.P. Snaith, The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta psychiatrica scandinavica, 1983. 67(6): p. 361-370.
- Montazeri A, Vahdaninia M, Ebrahimi M, Jarvandi S, The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Health and quality of life outcomes, 2003. 1(1): p. 14.
- Amini, P., S. Maroufizadeh, and R.O. Samani, Evaluating the factor structure, item analyses, and internal consistency of hospital anxiety and depression scale in Iranian infertile patients. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine, 2017. 15(5): p. 287.
- Evans SJ, Bassis CM, Hein R, Assari S, Flowers SA, Kelly MB, Young VB, Ellingrod VE, McInnis MG, The gut microbiome composition associates with bipolar disorder and illness severity. Journal of psychiatric research, 2017. 87: p. 23-29.
- Alharthy N, Alrajeh OA, Almutairi M, Alhajri A, Assessment of anxiety level of emergency health-care workers by generalized anxiety disorder-7 tool. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research, 2017. 7(3): p. 150.
- Liu CY, Yang YZ, Zhang XM, Xu X, Dou QL, Zhang WW, Cheng ASK, The prevalence and influencing factors in anxiety in medical workers fighting COVID-19 in China: a cross-sectional survey. Epidemiology & Infection, 2020: p. 1-17.
- Nemati, M., B. Ebrahimi, and F. Nemati, Assessment of Iranian nurses’ knowledge and anxiety toward COVID-19 during the current outbreak in Iran. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020. 15(COVID-19).
- Huang, Y. and N. Zhao, Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry research, 2020: p. 112954.
- McLean CP, Asnaani A, Litz BT, Hofmann SG, Gender differences in anxiety disorders: prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness. Journal of psychiatric research, 2011. 45(8): p. 1027-1035.
- Su TP, Lien TC, Yang CY, Su YL, Wang JH, Tsai SL, Yin JC, Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and psychological adaptation of the nurses in a structured SARS caring unit during outbreak: a prospective and periodic assessment study in Taiwan. Journal of psychiatric research, 2007. 41(1-2): p. 119-130.
- Gong Y, Han T, Chen W, Dib HH, Yang G, Zhuang R, Chen Y, Tong X, Yin X, Lu Z, Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and related risk factors among physicians in China: a cross-sectional study. PloS one, 2014. 9(7): p. e103242.
- Wipfli, B.M., C.D. Rethorst, and D.M. Landers, The anxiolytic effects of exercise: a meta-analysis of randomized trials and dose–response analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2008. 30(4): p. 392-410.
- Silver, R., The Relationship Between Physical Activity Levels and Health Anxiety. 2019.
- Pugh, N.E. and H.D. Hadjistavropoulos, Is anxiety about health associated with desire to exercise, physical activity, and exercise dependence? Personality and Individual Differences, 2011. 51(8): p. 1059-1062.
- Kowalyk, K.M., H.D. Hadjistavropoulos, and S.L. Jones, What impact does pregnancy have on anxiety about health? Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2009. 30(4): p. 223-230.
- Paradise, S.J., What’s missing? Mentee training seminars for students of interpreter training programs. 2013.
- Bawardi-Shomar, L., Principals' attitudes toward the inclusion of students with disabilities in elementary schools in California. 2012.
- Zhang, Y., et al., Investigation of health anxiety and its related factors in nursing students. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2014. 10: p. 1223.
- Maharaj, S., T. Lees, and S. Lal, Prevalence and risk factors of depression, anxiety, and stress in a cohort of Australian nurses. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. 16(1): p. 61.
)