Ketamine Associated Vomiting in Children Requiring Sedation: A Prospective Randomized Open Trial Study

Motamed, Hassan; Maleki Verki, Mohammadreza; Mozafari, Javad; Forouzan, Arash

doi:10.22038/ijp.2018.33524.2960

Ketamine Associated Vomiting in Children Requiring Sedation: A Prospective Randomized Open Trial Study

Authors

Hassan Motamed

Mohammadreza Maleki Verki

Javad Mozafari

Arash Forouzan

Department of Emergency Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

10.22038/ijp.2018.33524.2960

Abstract

Background
In recent years, ketamine has been the most used sedative in Emergency Department (ED) procedures for pain management. Therefore, this study evaluated ketamine associated vomiting (KAV) in children requiring sedation.
Materials and Methods
This is a prospective, randomized, and open trial study carried out on children of ages 3 months to 13 years requiring sedation for medical diagnostic or treatment procedures. The patients were randomized into 1 mg/kg IV, 2 mg/kg IV, 3 mg/kg IM and 5 mg/kg IM groups.
Results
A total of 190 patients were enrolled for this study. In total, 17.37% of the children were reported to have vomited after ketamine administration. In the IV group, 21.69% of the children vomited, while in the IM group, 14.02% vomited (p= 0.18). In the 1 mg/kg IV group, 22.72% of the children vomited compared to 20.51% (p= 0.51) in the 2 mg/kg IV group. In the 3 mg/kg IM group, 14.54% of the children vomited as against 13.46% in the 5 mg/kg IM group (p= 0.54). There were no significant differences between sex and dose group on the incidence of vomiting (p= 0.40).
Conclusion
This study showed that the administration of ketamine via IV and IM in a standard dose is a safe method for sedating children. However, there is need to study the combination of ketamine with anti-vomiting agents in different injection routes, as well as to review the combination with tranquilizer to minimize the rate of vomiting in children requiring sedation in the ED.

Keywords

Emergency Department

Ketamine

Sedation

vomiting