<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
			<journal>
			<title>Journal of Pediatric Perspectives</title>
			<title_fa></title_fa>
			<short_title>JPP; J Ped Perspect</short_title>
			<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
			<web_url>https://jpp.mums.ac.ir/</web_url>
			<journal_hbi_system_id>0</journal_hbi_system_id>
			<journal_hbi_system_user></journal_hbi_system_user>
			<journal_id_issn></journal_id_issn>
			<journal_id_issn_online>3060-7205</journal_id_issn_online>
			<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
			<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
			<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
			<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
			<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
			<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
			<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
			<language>en</language>
			<pubdate>
				<type>jalali</type>
				<year>0</year>
				<month>0</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<pubdate>
				<type>gregorian</type>
				<year>2026</year>
				<month>6</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<volume>14</volume>
			<number>6</number>
			<publish_type>online</publish_type>
			<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
			<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
			<articleset><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Maternal Oral Health Indicators and Gastroenteritis-Related Hospitalization Among Children Under Four Years: An Exploratory Case-Control Study</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>original article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Maternal oral health literacy (OHL) and oral health status may reflect broader health-related behaviors that influence child health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal OHL, dental status (DMFT index), and hospitalizations related to gastroenteritis among children under four years of age.Methods: This case-control study included 120 mother-child dyads recruited in 2024 from primary health centers and a pediatric hospital in Ardabil, Iran. The case group included 60 mothers of children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis, while the control group included 60 mothers of children with no documented history of gastroenteritis-related hospitalization. Maternal OHL was assessed using a validated questionnaire, and oral health status was evaluated using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of pediatric gastroenteritis.Results: Overall maternal OHL was significantly lower in the case group (9.20 ± 2.77 vs. 10.58 ± 4.09, P = 0.032), with the largest difference observed in the decision-making domain (2.42 ± 1.28 vs. 3.28 ± 1.45, P = 0.001). Higher maternal DMFT scores were independently associated with increased odds of gastroenteritis-related hospitalization (adjusted OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05–1.32; P = 0.006), whereas higher decision-making scores were associated with lower odds (adjusted OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.34–0.77; P = 0.001). Conversely, higher numeracy scores were associated with increased odds of hospitalization (adjusted OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.15–3.02; P = 0.011).Conclusion: Lower maternal oral health literacy, particularly poorer decision-making skills, and higher maternal DMFT scores were independently associated with gastroenteritis-related hospitalizations in children. These findings indicate associations rather than causality. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>dmft, Gastroenteritis, Literacy, mothers, Oral Health, Pediatric</keyword>
				<start_page>20146</start_page>
				<end_page>20157</end_page>
				<web_url>https://jpp.mums.ac.ir/article_28139.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Mahdi</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Rahbar</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>m.rahbar@arums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>123701</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Manouchehr</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Barak</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>m.barak@arums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>123702</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Bu'ali Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Sanaz</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Izadi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>s.izadi@arums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>123703</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Aziz</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Kamran</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>aziz_kamran@ymail.com</email>
				<code>123704</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Glycemic and Inflammatory Markers in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Double-Blind Clinical Study</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>original article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder in childhood, marked by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells leading to insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, and chronic inflammation. Achieving optimal glycemic control in children remains a challenge despite insulin therapy. Probiotics, with their immunomodulatory and metabolic benefits, have recently emerged as potential adjunctive agents for improving glycemic and inflammatory outcomes in T1DM.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral probiotic supplementation on glycemic control, inflammatory markers, and metabolic parameters in children with T1DM.Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to receive either BioDiab® probiotic capsules (3 × 10⁹ CFU/capsule) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bacillus coagulans or identical placebo capsules daily for three months. HbA1c, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), insulin dose, lipid profile, anthropometric, thyroid, and renal parameters were assessed at baseline and at 3, 6, and 9 months. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and other appropriate statistical tests.Results: HbA1c levels significantly decreased in the probiotic group compared with an increase in the placebo group (P=0.017). Median hs-CRP levels demonstrated a downward trend in the probiotic group, with significant within-group changes over time (P=0.026), though intergroup differences were not statistically significant (P&gt;0.05). No significant effects were observed on lipid profile, thyroid indices, or daily insulin dose. However, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were significantly lower in the probiotic group at 6-month follow-up (P=0.027).Conclusion: Oral probiotic supplementation in children with T1DM improved glycemic control and modulated inflammatory markers without adverse effects. While other metabolic parameters remained unchanged, probiotics may serve as a safe and beneficial adjunct to conventional diabetes management.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Glycemic control, Inflammation, Probiotics, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus</keyword>
				<start_page>20158</start_page>
				<end_page>20170</end_page>
				<web_url>https://jpp.mums.ac.ir/article_28173.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Zahra</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Oroji</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>oroji.zahra@gmail.com</email>
				<code>123853</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Peyman</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Eshraghi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>eshraghip2@mums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>123854</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Hamid</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ahanchian</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>ahanchianh@mums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>123855</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mojtaba</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Lotfi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>lotfim@mums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>123856</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Sepideh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Bagheri</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>bagheris@mums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>123857</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Tahereh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Sadeghi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>sadeghit@mums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>123858</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Father Involvement for Feeding Practice and the Prevalence of Stunted Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>original article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Stunting remains one of the most significant nutritional challenges, alongside wasting, underweight, and obesity, that threaten children&#039;s growth and development. In Indonesia, fathers’ involvement in parenting is still relatively low. Parenting patterns in which mothers are solely responsible, without involving fathers, can negatively affect a child&#039;s nutritional status due to insufficient monitoring. This study aims to analyze the association between father involvement in feeding and the prevalence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in families in Jember Regency.Materials and Methods: This research employed a descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected using the Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) questionnaire to assess the level of fathers’ involvement in feeding, while stunting status was measured using a digital scale and a microtoise. The sample consisted of 212 father-child pairs, with the unit of analysis being the father-child pair. A stratified random sampling technique was applied across villages and posyandu. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test to determine the unadjusted bivariate associations between variables.Results: The research findings indicate that 52% of fathers have low involvement in feeding their children. Among the children, 70.8% were classified as stunted (-3 ≤ HAZ &lt; -2), categorized as severely stunted (HAZ &lt; -3). The unadjusted bivariate chi-square test revealed a significant association (χ^2 = 5.599; p-value = 0.018).Conclusion: This study provides evidence of a protective association between fathers’ involvement in child feeding practices and stunting status, underscoring the need for education and empowerment programs targeting fathers as a strategy to reduce stunting.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Children, Family, Father Involvement, Feeding practices, Stunted</keyword>
				<start_page>20171</start_page>
				<end_page>20185</end_page>
				<web_url>https://jpp.mums.ac.ir/article_28100.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Adis</first_name>
				<middle_name>Marsya</middle_name>
				<last_name>Salsabila</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>212310101091@mail.unej.ac.id</email>
				<code>123526</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Undergraduate of Nursing Program, Faculty of Nursing, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Tantut</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Susanto</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>tantut_s.psik@unej.ac.id</email>
				<code>123527</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Community, Family &amp; Gerontic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia.|Center of Agronursing for Community, Family &amp; Elderly Health, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Hanny</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Rasni</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>hanny_r.psik@unej.ac.id</email>
				<code>123528</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Community, Family &amp; Gerontic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Agnestria</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Winarto</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>agnestriaw@unej.ac.id</email>
				<code>123529</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Community, Family &amp; Gerontic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Lailiyatul</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Munawaroh</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>lailiyatulmunawaroh@unej.ac.id</email>
				<code>123530</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Community, Family &amp; Gerontic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Celiac Disease in Sabzevar: Prevalence Patterns and Clinical Manifestations</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>original article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Celiac disease is a systemic immune-mediated disorder that develops in genetically predisposed individuals following the consumption of gluten and prolamin proteins found in wheat and barley. Considering the wide range of clinical presentations of celiac disease and its association with other autoimmune disorders, and given the lack of sufficient data regarding its clinical spectrum, this applied research was conducted to assess the prevalence and clinical manifestations of celiac disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical manifestations of CD in Sabzevar County, Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study reviewed the medical records of 2,000 patients referred to Heshmatieh Hospital in Sabzevar. Patients with symptoms suggestive of CD or with type 1 diabetes underwent serological testing (anti-tTG, total IgA). Those with positive serology underwent duodenal biopsy, classified according to the Marsh criteria. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed using SPSS.Results: The prevalence of celiac disease was 2.7%. The mean age was 10.09 years (SD = 3.24), and 64.8% were female. Growth disturbances were the most common manifestation (59.2%), followed by diabetes-related symptoms (29.6%). Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in only 14.8%. Mean anti-tTG IgA titer was 194.03 IU/dL (SD=168.6), and higher titers correlated with more advanced Marsh grades (Marsh 3C: 281.52 IU/dL).Conclusion: Celiac Disease demonstrates a considerable prevalence of 2.7% within this high-risk pediatric population in Sabzevar. These findings highlight the critical need for heightened physician awareness of extraintestinal manifestations to facilitate earlier diagnosis and effective management.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>anti-tissue transglutaminase, Celiac disease, Iran, Marsh classification, Prevalence</keyword>
				<start_page>20186</start_page>
				<end_page>20197</end_page>
				<web_url>https://jpp.mums.ac.ir/article_28142.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Katayoun</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Malakouti</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>malakoutikatayoun@gmail.com</email>
				<code>123715</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Student Research Committee of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Elham</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Navipour</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>elhamnavipour@gmail.com</email>
				<code>123717</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mohammad</first_name>
				<middle_name>Amin</middle_name>
				<last_name>Ebrahimi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mohammadaminebrahimi105@gmail.com</email>
				<code>123713</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Student Research Committee of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Ali</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Khatib</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>khatib.nurse@gmail.com</email>
				<code>123714</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Nursing Student, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Morteza</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Rastisani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>rastim@medsab.ac.ir</email>
				<code>123716</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatric Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mithra</first_name>
				<middle_name>Azra</middle_name>
				<last_name>Aldaghi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>m.a.aldaghi@gmail.com</email>
				<code>123712</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Relationship between Levels of Inflammatory Markers NLR, PLR, and MLR with Bone Mineral Density in Children with Thyroid Disorders</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>original article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Thyroid disorders affect bone metabolism and reduce bone mineral density (BMD) in children. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are simple inflammatory markers, but their association with BMD in children with thyroid disorders is unclear. This study assessed the relationship between NLR, PLR, MLR, and BMD in affected children.Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 128 children (63 hypothyroid, 30 hyperthyroid, 35 controls) who had undergone DXA scanning. Thyroid function tests, complete blood count, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were extracted from records. NLR, PLR, and MLR were calculated from complete blood count (CBC). BMD was measured by DXA and reported as Z-scores. Statistical analysis used ANOVA, correlation, and linear regression with adjustment for confounders.Results: Mean BMD Z-scores in the hypothyroid group were significantly lower than controls at the lumbar spine (-0.70 ± 0.73 vs. -0.27 ± 0.77, P = 0.001) and femoral neck (-0.74 ± 0.74 vs. -0.35 ± 0.77, P = 0.003). In hypothyroid children, significant positive correlations were observed between all three indices and BMD Z-scores (NLR: r = 0.508, PLR: r = 0.575, MLR: r = 0.660; all P &lt; 0.001). No significant correlations were found in hyperthyroid or control groups. In multiple regression adjusted for age, sex, and thyroid hormones, MLR was the strongest independent predictor of lumbar spine BMD (Beta = 0.357, P = 0.002), followed by NLR (Beta = 0.312, P = 0.003) and PLR (Beta = 0.228, P = 0.048). The model explained 41.8% of BMD variance (R² = 0.418, P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: These findings demonstrate an association between systemic inflammation and reduced BMD in hypothyroid children, though the positive correlation direction requires further investigation. NLR, PLR, and MLR, easily calculated from routine CBC, are inexpensive tools for assessing bone health. Regular BMD screening is recommended for hypothyroid children, especially those with elevated inflammatory markers.Key Words: Bone mineral density, children, Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, Thyroid disorders.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Bone mineral density, Children, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, Thyroid disorders</keyword>
				<start_page>20198</start_page>
				<end_page>20208</end_page>
				<web_url>https://jpp.mums.ac.ir/article_28170.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Leila</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Katebi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>l.katebi@arums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>123847</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mehrdad</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mirzarahimi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mmirzarahimi@arums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>123848</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Behzad</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Khavarpour</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>b.khavarpour@gmail.com</email>
				<code>123849</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Afsaneh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Enteshari-Moghaddam</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>a.enteshari@gmail.com</email>
				<code>123850</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Firouz</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Amani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>firouz.amani@arums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>123851</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Family-Centered Interventions to Enhance Self-Management Among Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>systematic review</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Family-centered care has emerged as a key strategy for supporting self-management in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, evidence regarding the effectiveness and core components of family-centered interventions remains fragmented. This systematic review synthesized current evidence on interventions designed to enhance self-management in pediatric T1D.Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Five electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar) were searched for English-language studies published between 2010 and 2026. Eligible studies evaluated family-centered interventions targeting self-management among children and adolescents with T1D. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool, the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist, as appropriate.Results: Thirty-three studies met the eligibility criteria. The evidence consistently demonstrated that family-centered interventions improved self-management by promoting shared responsibility, developmentally appropriate autonomy, family-based diabetes education, psychosocial support, and collaborative problem-solving. Behavioral strategies, multidisciplinary care, and technology-assisted family engagement further strengthened treatment adherence, glycemic control, self-efficacy, quality of life, and family functioning. Intervention effectiveness was influenced by developmental, cultural, and socioeconomic factors.Conclusion: Family-centered interventions represent an effective approach to improving self-management and related clinical and psychosocial outcomes in children and adolescents with T1D. Integrating educational, behavioral, psychosocial, and technological strategies within routine family-centered diabetes care may enhance long-term disease management. Future high-quality longitudinal studies are needed to determine the most effective and sustainable intervention models across diverse healthcare settings.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Adolescents, Children, Family-centered care, Self-management, Type 1 diabetes</keyword>
				<start_page>20209</start_page>
				<end_page>20225</end_page>
				<web_url>https://jpp.mums.ac.ir/article_28138.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Maryam</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Nakhaee Moghadam</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>nourmohammadij3@gmail.com</email>
				<code>123699</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Children and Adolescents Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Zahedan, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Fateme</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mir</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email></email>
				<code>123753</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Jalal</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Nourmohammadi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>jalal_nurse@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>123700</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Elham</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Shafighi Shahri</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>eshahri@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>123754</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Children and Adolescents Health Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Science in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article>
			</articleset>
			</journal>