<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
			<journal>
			<title>Journal of Pediatric Perspectives</title>
			<title_fa></title_fa>
			<short_title>JPP; J Ped Perspect</short_title>
			<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
			<web_url>https://jpp.mums.ac.ir/</web_url>
			<journal_hbi_system_id>0</journal_hbi_system_id>
			<journal_hbi_system_user></journal_hbi_system_user>
			<journal_id_issn></journal_id_issn>
			<journal_id_issn_online>3060-7205</journal_id_issn_online>
			<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
			<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
			<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
			<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
			<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
			<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
			<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
			<language>en</language>
			<pubdate>
				<type>jalali</type>
				<year>0</year>
				<month>0</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<pubdate>
				<type>gregorian</type>
				<year>2019</year>
				<month>8</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<volume>7</volume>
			<number>8</number>
			<publish_type>online</publish_type>
			<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
			<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
			<articleset><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>The Relationship of Child Abuse and Functional Constipation in Children: A Case-Control Study</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type></content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Child abuse is a serious global problem and can be in the form of physical, sexual, emotional or neglect by not providing for the child&#039;s needs. Functional constipation (FC) is a common functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder in children. This study was aimed to assess the relationship between child abuse and functional constipation in children. Materials and Methods In this age frequency-matched case-control study, 100 children with FC were compared with 100 healthy children as control. The diagnosis of FC was based on history and physical examination. Child abuse in three sub-groups (physical, emotional and neglect) were assessed by ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool Children&#039;s Version (ICAST-C). The data were analyzed by Stata software (version 13.0).  Results: The results of this study revealed that the frequency of any kind of child abuse in case (children with functional constipation), and control group (children without functional constipation) is 93% and 84%, respectively, OR: 2.53 (95% CI: 1.00-6.45), P=0.052. The most frequent abuse in both groups was emotional abuse (91% vs. 81%) followed by physical (61% vs. 47%), and neglect (19% vs. 8%). There was a significant association between frequency of emotional (OR: 2.37, P=0.046), physical (OR: 1.76, P=0.048) and neglect abuse (OR: 2.70, P=0.027) among case and control groups. However, after controlling the confounding variables, the association between child abuse and FC remained clinically important but was not statistically significant (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion Notwithstanding emotional abuse, physical abuse and child neglect rate were more frequent among children with FC, this study demonstrates that child abuse is not associated with FC occurrence.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Child abuse, Children, Constipation, functional constipation</keyword>
				<start_page>9873</start_page>
				<end_page>9882</end_page>
				<web_url>https://jpp.mums.ac.ir/article_13223.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Sima</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Zahedi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>zahedi.cma@gmail.com</email>
				<code>56258</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Saeed</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Alinejad</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>alinezhad.saeed48@gmail.com</email>
				<code>56259</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Yazdan</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ghandi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>drghandi_1351@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>56260</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Parsa</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Yousefichaijan</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>parsayousefichaijan@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>56261</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Bahman</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Salehi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>salehi@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>56262</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mohammad</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Rafiei</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>m.rafiei@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>56263</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Biostatistics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Amir</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Almasi-Hashiani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>amiralmasi2007@gmail.com</email>
				<code>56264</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mojtaba</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Hashemi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mojtaba53hashemi@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>56265</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article>
			</articleset>
			</journal>