Journal of Pediatric Perspectives

The Role of Probiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Diarrhea in Children

M Razi; Z Pouresmail; S Sharafi

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 45-45

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2499

Abstract

Introduction: Diarrhea remains a major cause of death in children under 5 years are considered. However, following the overuse of antibiotics and the arbitrary use of broad-spectrum ... Read More

Viewpoints of Iranian Traditional Medicine about Child Nutrition

R Mokaberinejad; R Choopani; M Tansaz; M Khodadoost; M Movahhed

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 46-46

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2500

Abstract

Introduction: Optimal child development necessitates proper nutrition in childhood. Despite of improvements in child nutrition, there are still lots of challenges in proper child nutrition ... Read More Introduction: Optimal child development necessitates proper nutrition in childhood. Despite of improvements in child nutrition, there are still lots of challenges in proper child nutrition which shows the necessity of using the Past experiences more than ever. Despite of particular interest of Iranians to cardinal humors (temperaments), unfortunately, families and medical staffs are not appropriately familiar with these important issues. Whereas Traditional Medicine tries to protect & promote health through humors and temperaments that, unfortunately, these days this issue is not considered as noteworthy matter, this study tries to bring up new dimensions of child nutrition through different attitude. Materials and Methods: Research methodology of this study is library research which surveys principles of child nutrition on some Iranian Traditional Medicine scientists ` works. Results: According to Iranian Traditional Medicine findings, there are particular rules in child nutrition. Some important rules are: 1-Food with special properties, play important role in child development like mutton, beans. 2-Food combination also can help child development and decrease the side effects of some foods like combination of thyme and yogurt. 3-There are simple and practical instructions in Iranian Traditional Medicine for preventing and treating some disease like common cold and viral gastroenteritis. So, use of these instructions can decrease the use of medications in children. Effectiveness of some instructions has also been approved in modern medicine. 4- Incompatible food combination is one of the important issues in child nutrition that paying attention to it can promote children health. Conclusion: Since the physical health and mental health of children necessitate proper nutrition; families` knowledge (specially mothers) about children`s food requirements can help children to have appropriate food program. It is hoped that with further research in this field & using the scientists` experiences of Iranian Traditional medicine, we will be able to play an important role in children health who are the future of our society. Keywords: Nutrition, Children, Development, Iranian Traditional Medicine

Hepatitis E among Pregnant Women in Urmia, Iran

Z Rostamzadeh Khameneh; N Sepehrvand; Dr. khalkhali; Z Shirmohamadi

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 47-47

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2501

Abstract

Introduction: Although the hepatitis E virus mostly causes a self-limited disease in general population, but the disease is more severe in pregnant women. Hepatitis E accounts for about ... Read More

The Role of Evidence Based Nursing in Prevention of Gastrointestinal Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Children with Cancer

Z Pouresmail; S Sharafi; M Razi

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 48-48

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2502

Abstract

Introduction: Today, due to the broad spectrum of pediatric cancers are treated by the chemotherapy drugs, but these drugs have side effects and gastrointestinal toxicity is the most ... Read More

Caustic Ingestions

M Rafeey; L Vahedi; M Shoaran

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 49-49

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2503

Abstract

Prevention has a main role in reducing the occurrence of corrosive ingestion especially in children, yet this goal is far from being reached in developing countries, where such injuries ... Read More

Nutritional Assesment in Cystic Fibrosis Patients( Iran and Newzeland)

V Moeeni; P Shojaee; HR Kianifar; T Walls; P Pattemore; AS Day

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 50-50

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2504

Abstract

Introduction: Patients with Cystic Fibrosis have increased risk of malnutrition. Early detection of nutritional deterioration enables prompt intervention and correction. The aims of ... Read More

Functional Disoders of Gastreointestinal System

H Shafagh

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 51-51

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2505

Abstract

Based on Rome III criteria, functional disorders of GI are listed below: Infant regurgitation: -regurgitation two or more times per day for 3 or more weeks -no retching, ... Read More

Metabolic Disturbances in Children with Chronic Liver Disease

A Rezaeian; E Ghayebi; F Amiri Moghadam; E Shajari

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 52-52

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2506

Abstract

Introduction: Liver disease results in complex pathophysiologic disturbances affecting nutrient digestion, absorption, distribution, storage, and use. This article aimed to present ... Read More Introduction: Liver disease results in complex pathophysiologic disturbances affecting nutrient digestion, absorption, distribution, storage, and use. This article aimed to present a classification of metabolic disturbances in chronic liver disease in children? Materials and Methods: In this review study databases including proquest, pubmedcentral, scincedirect, ovid, medlineplus were been searched with keyword words such as” chronic liver disease" ” metabolic disorder””children” between 1999 to 2014. Finally, 8 related articles have been found. Results: Metabolic disorder in this population could be categorized in four set: 1)carbohydrates, 2)proteins,3) fats and 4)vitamins. 1) Carbohydrates: Children with CLD are at increased risk for fasting hypoglycemia, because the capacity for glycogen storage and gluconeogenesis is reduced as a result of abnormal hepatocyte function and loss of hepatocyte mass. 2) Proteins: The liver’s capacity for plasma protein synthesis is impaired by reduced substrate availability, impaired hepatocyte function, and increased catabolism. This results in hypoalbuminemia, leading to peripheral edema and contributing to ascites. Reduced synthesis of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and its binding protein IGF-BP3 by the chronically diseased liver results in growth hormone resistance and may contribute to the poor growth observed in these children. 3) Fats: There is increased fat oxidation in children with end-stage liver disease in the fed and fasting states compared with controls, which is probably related to reduced carbohydrate availability. The increased lipolysis results in a decrease in fat stores, which may not be easily replenished in the setting of the fat malabsorption that accompanies cholestasis. Reduced bile delivery to the gut results in impaired fat emulsification, and hence digestion. The products of fat digestion are also poorly absorbed, because bile is also required for micelle formation. In various liver diseases, there may be reduced bile production by inadequately functioning hepatocytes, reduced hepatocyte excretion into the bile canaliculus (as in PFIC), or obstruction to biliary flow. The circulating bile salt pool may be depleted secondary to treatment with binding agents, such as cholestyramine, which is often prescribed for pruritus in cholestatic patients. Pancreatic insufficiency may further exacerbate fat malabsorption in certain cholestatic liver diseases. Vitamins: Fat malabsorption occurs in cholestatic disorders, and one must also consider any accompanying fat-soluble vitamin and essential fatty acid deficiencies.Breastfed infants with CLD are at high risk for vitamin D and K deficiencies. Conclusion: The clinician should proactively evaluate, treat, and re-evaluate response to treatment of nutritional deficiencies. Because a better nutritional state is associated with better survival before and after LT, aggressive nutritional management is an important part of the care of these children.

Mineral Requirements in Children with Chronic Liver Disease

A Rezaeian; E Ghayebi; MT Yazdan Panah; Gh Rahmanian; A Golestani

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 53-53

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2507

Abstract

Introduction: Decreased oral intake or impaired function / structure in the gut, such as hypertension port associated with atrophic changes in the protein nutrition - calories can lead ... Read More Introduction: Decreased oral intake or impaired function / structure in the gut, such as hypertension port associated with atrophic changes in the protein nutrition - calories can lead to micronutrient deficiencies.This paper examines the status of micronutrients in chronic liver disease in children. Materials and Methods: In this review study databases including proquest, pubmedcentral, scincedirect, ovid, medlineplus were been searched with keyword words such as” chronic liver disease"” minerals””children” between 1999 to 2014. Finally, 3 related articles have been found. Results: In chronic liver disease changes in micronutrient metabolism lead to changes in the daily requirements, such that in certain circumstances intake increasing or decreasing is needed. Low serum calcium and phosphate concentrations are often the reflection of malabsorption-induced bone disease that is unresponsive to vitamin D store normalization. Iron is usually deficient in children with CLD and supplementation frequently needed. The origin of iron deficiency is multifactorial and includes ongoing losses, inadequate intakes, serial blood draws and malabsorption secondary to hypertensive enteropathy. Zinc plays an important role in cognitive function, appetite and taste, immune function, wound healing, and protein metabolism. Low plasma zinc levels are frequent in children with chronic cholestasis, but unfortunately plasma concentrations are not reflective of total body zinc status. Copper and manganese, unlike other minerals, are increased in CLD, because they are normally excreted through bile. Parenteral nutrition in cholestatic patients can induce manganese intoxication and accumulation in basal ganglia. Conclusion: In fants with CLD are prone to multiple nutritional deficiencies. Mineral state should be evaluated, treated and reevaluated, until sufficient daily requirement achieved. Poster Presentation, N 33

Gluten - Not a Friendly Protein

E Tafreshi; A Jafarzade Noghani; B Khairkhah; M Yazdani; S Seddighi; S khayam

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 54-54

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2514

Abstract

Introduction: Gluten is a protein found in grains. Research has shown that the gluten that is in grains of wheat, barley, rye, and oats (to a lesser degree) is toxic to many ... Read More Introduction: Gluten is a protein found in grains. Research has shown that the gluten that is in grains of wheat, barley, rye, and oats (to a lesser degree) is toxic to many individuals. While gluten is essential for the make-up of these 4 grains, our bodies do not need it. Is it healthful? The protein in today’s wheat is poorly digested and can be harmful. An estimated 95% of prepared foods on the grocery shelves contain the toxic forms of gluten. Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: When Gluten Gets into Our Bloodstream Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity is an immune response to gluten that can happen to anyone. This type of response is not inherited like Celiac Disease. Rather, it involves a normal response to the abnormal appearance of gluten in the body. Health problems result from eating too much gluten in the diet (overload) and/ or the development of a common condition called “Leaky Gut Syndrome.” Mild problems include fatigue and anxiety. However, if the overload of gluten or the intestinal “leakiness” is prolonged, gluten can wreak havoc with consequences like migraine, arthritis, and ADHD. Celiac Disease: When Gluten Harms Our Digestive Tract Celiac Disease is an inherited susceptibility to physical and mental harm from eating gluten. Once triggered, an auto-immune response causes inflammation and damage to vital tissues lining the small intestine, which in turn, results in failure to absorb nutrients in food. Various degrees of damage may occur at any time and at any age. In the majority of people born with the susceptibility, there are few telltale signs, so that most of us are not aware that we carry this genetic capability to make auto-immune antibodies. Left untreated, active Celiac Disease can lead to serious health consequences. Making the connection to Celiac Disease may be difficult, unless there are classic problems like abdominal bloating, pain, heartburn, or diarrhea. Symptom Guide: Manifestations of Gluten Damage to Our Bodies This section details the many different and seemingly unrelated effects that can be caused by gluten damage. The GlutenFreeWorks Symptom Guide identifies manifestations in an easy to access format. Testing for Celiac Disease and Gluten Sensitive Disorders Diagnosis starts with a high degree of suspicion, meaning the doctor needs to look for symptoms based on an accurate health history and a complete physical examination. Testing begins with bloodwork looking for the presence of 1) auto-immune antibodies that are produced against our own cells because of gluten and 2) specific antibodies that are directed against gluten itself. Treatment: The essential treatment for Celiac Disease and other gluten sensitive disorders is a gluten-free diet. More than this, here you can learn the following six key elements for better management as advanced by the National Institutes for Health: Consultation with a skilled dietitian Education about celiac disease Lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet Identification and treatment of nutritional deficiencies and other manifestations Access to an advocacy group Continuous long-term follow-up by a multidisciplinary team

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Use in Pediatric Diseases: A Short Review

MR Noras; M Yousefi; MA Kiani

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 55-55

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2515

Abstract

CAM (Complementary and Alternative Medicine) therapies have become increasingly popular in pediatric populations. phytotherapy are the most common CAM used in children. Yet, little ... Read More

Viewpoints of Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) about Etiology of Pediatric Constipation

MR Noras; MA Kiani

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 56-56

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2516

Abstract

Constipation in children is a common health problem affecting 0.7% to 29.6% children across the world. Exact etiology for developing symptoms is not clear in children and the majority ... Read More

Comparative Study of Frequency and Severity of Neonatal Jaundice without a Known Etiology in Two Groups of Term Neonate Born Via Cesarean Section and Vaginal Delivery

Ash Farhat; L Hafizi; A Mohammadzadeh; M Hasanzadeh; MT Poorhosieni

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 57-57

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2517

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal jaundice has a significant prevalence, and in severe cases, causes permanent neurological Sequela. Many studies have carried out on neonatal jaundice and its ... Read More

Gastrointestinal Anomalies in Imam Reza Hospital Deliveries- Mashhad Iran

A Mohammadzadeh; Ash Farhat

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 58-58

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2519

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital gastrointestinal (GI) malformation occurs due to mal development of GI organs. The diagnosis is based on clinical exam and radiography. The aim of this study ... Read More

Assessment the Relationship between Parents' Literacy Level with Children Growth in Mashhad: An Analytic Descriptive Study

Bibi Leila Hoseini; M Saeidi; R Vakili; MA Kiani; M Rabiei; A Khakshour; SM Rasti Sani

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 59-59

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2521

Abstract

Introduction: Present children are the investments of community in the future. Preparing children health which leads to the stability of community health, provided to accurate implementation ... Read More

Survey of Effect Peppermint on Pyloric Spasm in Children During Endoscopy

S Partovi; MA Kiani; E Poursoltani; A Khakshour; M Sabbagh

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 60-60

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2529

Abstract

Introduction: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is as a diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in children. Due to severe response and spastic in the muscles of ... Read More

Maternal Knowledge and Practice in Mashhad City about Breast-feeding in First 6 -Month of Infant's Life

S Tehranian; P Shojaee; S Jafarzadeh; HR Kianifar; Sa Jafari

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 61-61

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2544

Abstract

Introduction: Breastfeeding is an important principle in pediatric health. It decreases their mortality and protect them fromm diseases in the first 6-month of life. This study aimed ... Read More

Effect Supermint oil (Peppermint oil) on the Patient's and Colonoscopy Team Satisfaction During Colonoscopy in Children

A Khodadad; MA Kiani; M Najafi; A Khakshour; M Saeidi; SA Jafari; M Ghayour Mobarhan

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 62-62

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2530

Abstract

Introduction: Colonoscopy is an invasive method that is painful for patient especially for children. The objective of this research was investigation of the effect of supermint oral ... Read More

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treatment

M Sadeghian; A Torabi

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 63-63

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2531

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in pediatric age group parallel to the growing prevalence of obesity and overweight all around the world. So changing in life ... Read More

Mebeverine for Pediatric Functional Abdominal Pain: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Z Pourmoghaddas; H Saneian; H Roohafza; A Gholamrezaei

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 64-64

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2532

Abstract

Introduction: Few studies are conducted on the efficacy of antispasmodics in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. We evaluated the effectiveness of ... Read More

Survey of Caustic Ingestion Symptoms in Children

H Yarmohammadi; N Yarmohammadi; M Mohammadpur

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 65-65

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2533

Abstract

Introduction: Complications of caustic ingestion swallowing in children of singe to gullet severe stricture and andoscopic actions and multiple surgeries Is different that increase ... Read More Introduction: Complications of caustic ingestion swallowing in children of singe to gullet severe stricture and andoscopic actions and multiple surgeries Is different that increase the risk of gastrointestinal perforation and gastrointestinal malignancies ..... Because Acid substances have bad taste and these are tissue coalescence in location of contact thus attribute alkali make lose of injury. In other words,alkalis substance are weak and attribute to acids make a more severe tissue damage.but,in any form, acids and alkalis conscious Serious damage to the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the esophagus if swallowed. Pipe solutions, batterie water, disinfectant, liquid bleach, detergen, salt ink,….are torrid substance that make a esophageal burns fairly common in children. Results: Acidic or alkaline Caustic ingestion in children 1 to 5 years old. Severe burns Ingestion pipe , battery water, solid, strong alkaline compound that is used as a pipe ) are more common . house hold bleach swallowing ,shampoo,Soap in low value make a little damage to the gastrointestinal tract; but how ever this children in first opportunities should Be examined by physician. Materials and Methods: This study is review of studies motor research google, pubmed, web of knowledge, science direct, Cochrane and were used of key words: symptoms, swallow, torrid substances, children. Conclusions: torrid substances Swallowing in children often occurs randomise. Symptoms include runny mouth, restlessness , difficulty or painful swallowing , vomiting blood, abdominal pain and mouth burns and lips . Note that inflammation may be a little sore around the mouth and inward lips not seen the baby's mouth , but contemporary, severe burns of the esophagus exist should be taken to the phisision. The most effective action about torrid substances Swallowing by children ,is prevent it. Due to the importance in many national poisoning , provide specialized information . Due to the caustic ingestion in children is easily preventable , it is necessary importance to family physicians and the public Health Personnel be clear. Media , newspapers , radio and tv have effective role in increasing awareness poisoning , especially the poisoning by acids substances. Key words: Children, Symptoms, Swallow, Torrid Substances.

Evaluation of Antibody Response to Polysaccharide Vaccine and Switched Memory B Cells in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Gh Fallahi; A Aghamohammadi; A Khodadad; M Hashemi; P Mohammadinejad; H Asgarian-Omran; M Najafi; F Motamed; Kh Soleimani; H Soheili; N Parvaneh; B Darabi; R Nasiri Kalmarzi; Sh Pourhamdi; H Abolhassani; B Mirminachi; N Rezaei

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 66-66

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2534

Abstract

Background/Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, whose etiologies are still unknown. This study was performed to evaluate the humoral ... Read More

The Study of Levofloxacin Effects on Liver Tissue in Wistar Rat

N Vahidieyerisofla; M Ahmadi Far; M RabieeGolmakani; A Mohammad Eini

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 67-67

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2535

Abstract

Introduction In this study, we examined the effects of the antibiotics levofloxacin on the liver as well as its devastating effects which are ensued from its over-prescription. Levofloxacin ... Read More Introduction In this study, we examined the effects of the antibiotics levofloxacin on the liver as well as its devastating effects which are ensued from its over-prescription. Levofloxacin serves as one of the antibiotics of genitourinary system and inferior respiratory system. Since liver is the foremost organ that receives all the materials absorbed by intestine through the portal vein, and it is the organ that must neutralize venoms, the toxic effect of most medications on liver manifest itself quicker than other organs. Materials and Methods: for this study, 50 series of male rats from the strains of Wistar were used; the rats were eight weeks old and had a weight of about 250 g. During the study which lasted 60 days, the rats were exposed to lightness and then darkness for 12 hours respectively. The room temperature stood at 24.7-26.4 ° C as its moisture was counted as %55-60.30 series of rats were divided into three groups, receiving the antibiotics with different dilutions; 250,500 and 750 ml; the drug is taken orally. 20 series of rats were put in to the two groups—control and sham; the first group received treatment as the sham group received water through gavage. After the completion of this round, blood samples were taken from all groups, and dispatched to laboratory for medical diagnosis. The rats were then anesthetized with ether and slit open from the peritoneal area as transverse-abdominal cut, letting the liver out of the body; the samples of the liver tissue were stabilized in 10% formalin and sent to pathology laboratory for block making and preparing the slides. Result: Comparing the enzyme levels of SGOT and SGPT in the treatment, control and sham groups, it represented that there was a rise in the enzyme levels as a result of liver damage caused by taking antibiotics. Observing the microscopic slides of the liver tissue of the treatment group, it suggests sinusoid destruction, the loss of bile ducts, irregular placement of adjacent cells and the absence of Kupffer cells, which in turn confirms the negative effect of levofloxacin on liver tissue. Conclusion: Like other medications, levofloxacin can exert adversary effects as well as positive effects. Since one of the tissues which is susceptible to this effect is liver, we must bear in mind when it comes to prescribing this medication. Key words: Antibiotic, Levofloxacin, Liver .

Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)

A Ghasemi; A Banihashem; N Ghaemi; S Elmi; H Esmaeili; R Erfani Sayyar; Sam Elmi

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 68-68

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2536

Abstract

Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) are the most common childhood and adolescence malignancy respectively.Due to the increasing survival ... Read More Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) are the most common childhood and adolescence malignancy respectively.Due to the increasing survival of these children, today late side effects of treatments are important. Therapies such as corticosteroids, cytotoxic and radiotherapy effect on bone density and put the child at risk of osteoporosis and pathological fractures. Material and Methods: This 3-year cross sectional study was performed in Dr. Sheikh Children's Hospital in Mashhad on 50 children with ALL (n=25) and NHL (n=25). Half of them were received (n= 25) chemotherapy alone and half of them chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (n=25). All children were in the remission phase. We assessed them by DEXA bone mineral densitometry (BMD) on the lumbar spine and femoral neck (hip). We also measured some bone biomarkers include calcium (ca), phosphorus (p), parathoromone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in plasma. Results by age, height, sex and Body Mass Index (BMI) were adjusted with a special software. Results: Mean age was 8.28 ± 3.93 years. There was no significant difference on bone biomarkers (Ca, P, ALP.PTH) between ALL, NHL and also between the two treatment groups. Children with ALL had lower density at the hip and lumbar spine. (Respectively p value < 0.001 and p value =0.018 ) . A total of 50 patients, the hip BMD showed normal results in 3 patients (6%) , in 14 patients (28%) osteopenia were seen and 33 patients (66%) had osteoporosis. In whom received radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, one patient had normal BMD and 24 patients (48% of total patients) at the hip and 22 patients (44%) at lumbar spine had decreased BMD. In contrast, in whom had only chemotherapy, 24 patients (48%) had osteoporosis at hip and 23 (46%) at the lumbar spine. There was no significant difference in BMD between the sexes. Conclusion: Given that 94% of children had abnormal bone density, Seem to pay more attention to the metabolic status and BMD in children with cancer can develop appropriate strategies to improve health and quality of their life. Keywords: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Bone Mineral Density, chemotherapy, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Radiotherapy.

Infective Endocarditis in Children Hospitalized During 10 Years in Imam Reza Hospital- Mashhad

H Mottaghi Moghadam; M Horri; S Elmi; N Motevalli Haghi; R Erfani Sayyar; Sh Rahmani; Sam Elmi

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 69-69

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2537

Abstract

Introduction: Infective endocarditis is a rare, fatal ,with high morbidity in children, Since infective endocarditis in children was not assessed in our conditions so our study was ... Read More

Volume 13 (2025)

Volume 12 (2024)

Volume 11 (2023)

Volume 10 (2022)

Volume 9 (2021)

Volume 8 (2020)

Volume 7 (2019)

Volume 6 (2018)

Volume 5 (2017)

Volume 4 (2016)

Volume 3 (2015)

Volume 2 (2014)

Volume 1 (2013)

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